It can be a pain and by design what you are adding is greater than 255 chars. It breaks the RFC. It can be made to work but you must add it like below.
$Zone = "domain.com"
$Record = "dkimkeyname._domainkey"
We split your key at the 250 character mark to be safe you can have no line breaks no spaces etc..
$part1 = "v=DKIM1; t=s; p=first part of your key 250 chars or less"
$part2 = "first rest of your key"
Execute using double quotes around the combined string parts
dnscmd . /RecordAdd $Zone $Record TXT "$part1" "$part2"