The join condition ("ON part") should be immediately following the corresponding "JOIN" part.
string sql = "SELECT s1.FirstName, s1.LastName, " +
"s2.EXAMSMATHEMATICS " +
"s3.TOTALMATHEMATICS" +
"s4.OVERALLTOTALMATHEMATICS" +
"s5.POSITIONMATHEMATICS," +
"s6.GRADEMATHEMATICS " +
"FROM(SELECT FirstName, LastName,ROW_NUMBER() OVER(ORDER BY FirstName)As rn1 FROM tbl_TestingTheApplicationsNAME)as s1 " +
"FULL OUTER JOIN(SELECT EXAMSMATHEMATICS,ROW_NUMBER() OVER (ORDER BY EXAMSMATHEMATICS)As rn2 FROM tbl_EXAMSSCORES)as s2 ON s1.rn1 = s2.rn2" +
"FULL OUTER JOIN(SELECT TOTALMATHEMATICS,ROW_NUMBER() OVER (ORDER BY TOTALMATHEMATICS)As rn3 FROM tbl_TOTALSCORES)as s3 ON s2.rn2 = s3.rn3" +
"FULL OUTER JOIN(SELECT OVERALLTOTALMATHEMATICS,ROW_NUMBER() OVER (ORDER BY OVERALLTOTALMATHEMATICS)As rn4 FROM tbl_OVERALLSCORES)as s4 ON s3.rn3 = s4.rn4" +
"FULL OUTER JOIN(SELECT POSITIONMATHEMATICS,ROW_NUMBER() OVER (ORDER BY POSITIONMATHEMATICS)As rn5 FROM tbl_POSITIONSCORES)as s5 ON s4.rn4 = s5.rn5" +
"FULL OUTER JOIN(SELECT GRADEMATHEMATICS,ROW_NUMBER() OVER (ORDER BY GRADEMATHEMATICS)As rn6 FROM tbl_GRADESCORE)as s6 ON s5.rn5 = s6.rn6";
Also note that your join condition doesn't make much sense because except rn1 which is over "FirstName", other ROW_NUMBER() are ordered by score fields.
Use some primary key fields for joining instead. There ought to be things like "Student Number" which should be unique key field for students.