Hello, my name is Anderson Souza, I am an Independent Advisor and I hope I can help you with your problem today.
As the TPM is a hardware component only the manufacturer can help you in this case. I also warn that improperly performed firmware updates can render the component unusable. So I suggest you try HP support again and if you don't get the desired feedback, check with an HP authorized service center in your region to verify the feasibility of this upgrade.
That seems to be consistent with my search results as well. Nobody's talking about how to find a laptop's TPM version, or how to upgrade it, only tutorials from 2018 involving a critical security patch update.
I own an HP laptop and totally feel OP's pain. The struggle is indeed most real when anything you do to properly maintain their tech ends up triggering the MBR kill switch. On the upside, the holiday sales are going to be amazing for new machines...
Thanks for the assist, Anderson. We'll just do what we can for the time being.