Hello Eric,
Thank you for your description and screenshot.
Here’s mine:
I added one free Microsoft personal account to Mail app, and then add 3 Exchange accounts to Outlook desktop app. Therefore, from your screenshot, I think that the above one is the account you added to Mail app, the bottom 2 are that you added to Outlook app. Please feel free to correct me if I misunderstood anything.
If you want to remove an account, it’s highly recommended to remove it directly from the app it was original added. You can open Outlook, and temporarily remove the account and test it.
From the error literally, it’s related to Windows OS Trusted Platform Module, you can check whether TMP works correctly via clear TPM (please note that it will reset security processor to back to default settings): https://support.microsoft.com/en-us/help/4096339/windows-10-device-protection-in-windows-defender-security-center#clearTPM. You may then also try to turn TPM off via: Press Windows Key + R to open the Run window -> type tpm.msc in the box and press Enter -> Click the Action panel, select Turn TPM Off (if there's this option) -> after done, restart Windows to test issue again. You can later turn it on.
Besides, for Outlook, you can use Office 365 SaRA tool to fix the issue: About the Microsoft Support and Recovery Assistant.
If the option (I need help setting up my Office 365 email in Outlook) doesn’t work, try to perform inspection by following this article: How to scan Outlook by using the Microsoft Support and Recovery Assistant.
If there’s any update, welcome back and share with us.
Best Regards,
Anna