I was able to enumerate the queues and ACLs using the messaging APIs from a C# console application. To get the ACLs; I had to use P/Invoke on the platform APIs.
Calling the MSMQ APIs for clustered queues/ACLs does require the '_CLUSTER_NETWORK_NAME_' environment variable to be set to the cluster host name. (NOTE: CLUSTER_NETWORK_NAME is prefixed and suffixed with '_')
Because the server is running Windows Server 2012, I suspect the PowerShell scripts may not work.
In Windows Server 2019, there are Failover Cluster Management Tools PowerShell extensions that may work.