It depends on a number of factors such as network connectivity and system performance. This TechNet blog also documents ~5000 users per hour, but it may be faster or slower than that.
The official documentation recommends upgrading to the latest version of AD Connect because doing so can potentially reduce the conversion time from hours to minutes, but still mentions that it can take four hours if there are legacy authentication methods in place.
This additional Microsoft post documents that a switch from federated identity to synchronized identity takes two hours plus an additional hour for each 2,000 users in the domain.
So judging from these three sources, it seems that up to four hours can be expected, though it may not take that long.