Webforms built a control tree and fired events, for example oninint after the tree built, on load after tree built and postback data applied, etc. finally onrender, when the tree was converted to html.
Mvc is a different model. An action is called to build a view model. Then a view is called to render the model. The view is a template engine, so there are no events. The post data is passed to the action rather than being applied to a control tree.
Mvc has request pipeline with event filters. Pre action, post action, etc.
The action controller can catch errors via an exception handler, otherwise an error action is called. You can also override the default error action.