The group policies for Edge DNS-over-HTTPs are DnsOverHttpsMode and DnsOverHttpsTemplates. I think they can't achieve what you want and there's no other way to achieve this now in Edge.
If you want to make a feature request about this, you can provide feedback to Edge team by pressing Alt+Shift+I in Edge. The Edge team will check the feedbacks and improve the product continuously. Thanks for your understanding.
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Regards,
Yu Zhou