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Dear Jeff Barnett,
Thanks for sharing further information.
Can you change to another device to add the alias and try to try the login on the iPad?
Do you have Google Family Link installed on your iPad? I'll try to find out in the community if there are any issues similar to yours that you can refer to: Google ファミリーリンクが導入されているAndroid端末で、Microsoft Defenderがインストールできない。 - Microsoft コミュニティ(Japanese)
Looking forward to your further updates and hopefully gather more information about this issue.
Thank you for your understanding and help.
Best regards
Isabella-MSFT | Microsoft Community Support Specialist