This issue is not caused by Microsoft or Windows, it is caused by a third-party Fiery printer driver that is out of date. You notice it when Windows does a big cumulative update, because when Windows does a big cumulative update, it also reapplies your printer drivers. The Fiery printer driver relies on msvcp140.dll as a dependency, and so it makes sure that it has the dependency by installing it in the System32 folder. Unfortunately, it does this even if you already have the dependency, and it overwrites the version that's already there. And since the printer driver is out of date, it overwrites the dll with a version of the dll that's also out of date.
Search for Fiery printer driver overwrites System32 dll files to find discussions on this issue. Fiery has acknowledged it and released a fix.
The fix is to remove the old version of the Fiery driver, install version 7.3 or later, and then repair the Microsoft Visual C++ Redistributable installations.