Hello TomA,
Thanks for posting here in the forum. I understand how important to lose access especially especially with 11 years of emails at stake. Since you're still logged into Outlook on a browser, do not log out yes or clear cookies. That session might be your lifeline.
The next steps you can do is, first, to go to https://mysignins.microsoft.com/security-info while still logged in. If it loads, you might be able to add a new sign-in method like SMS or email and reconfigure MFA.
If that didn't work fill up the recovery form here https://account.live.com/acsr
Then the last option is contact Microsoft Support at https://support.microsoft.com/contactus and choose “Get Help”. You could also use their Virtual Agent to talk to someone.
I hope this helps.
Warm regards,
Rez