Hi Kip,
Thank you for sharing your question. I understand that you are having issues with your password on your Microsoft account. Let’s sort this together. Based on my knowledge, Error code 80041012 usually means there's a problem with your login info. It could be that your computer has saved old password info, or Microsoft might have locked you out for a bit after too many wrong tries.
Please follow these steps.
Give it a day. If you've tried logging in a bunch of times, Microsoft might've locked your account temporarily as a security thing. If you keep trying right away, it just resets the timer.
Clear old login info.
On Windows, open Credential Manager and get rid of any saved Microsoft account stuff.
If you use a browser, clear your cookies and cache, or try logging in using a private/incognito window.
Double-check your email: Make sure you're typing the right Microsoft account email. It's easy to mix them up if you have more than one.
Use the Account Recovery Form: If it still doesn't work, fill out this form so Microsoft's account recovery people can help.
Try a different device or browser: It could be a problem with your device. If you can, try logging in from a computer instead of your phone.
May I also ask to have you tried logging in from another device or browser yet? Also, do you remember if you set up two-step verification or other recovery options on your account?
I hope this answer is helpful, if you have any questions, feel free to reply.
Best Regards,
Noel