Hi Dorsa Ahmadipour, I completely understand how concerning and frustrating it must be to lose access to important messages, especially when the other person can still see them.
To resolve missing Teams chat history confirm the chat isn’t hidden by searching and unhiding it if needed try accessing the conversation via the web version at teams.microsoft.com clear the Teams cache on Windows by deleting folders like Cache and GPUCache check for updates to ensure you're running the latest version fully sign out and back in to refresh sync and if you're an admin use Microsoft 365 Content Search or eDiscovery tools to recover chat history while also ensuring a stable internet connection to avoid sync issues.
Can you confirm if the missing messages were sent from the same device you're currently using, and whether any changes were made to your Teams account, device settings, or network around the time they disappeared?
Best regards
Lucky Charm