I had a quick look the CBS logs and found that there is huge component store corruption; over 500 payloads are missing. Many users running 24H2/25H2 are facing this issue.
Please mount the Windows 11 25H2 ISO and run setup.exe. This time, skip the dynamic update process.
In the initial screen of the setup dialog, click “Change how Setup downloads updates”
Select “Not right now”, and continue the process.