To retrieve your verified IDs after switching from an Android to an iPhone, you will need to go through the issuance process again for those credentials. Unfortunately, if you did not back them up or transfer them before switching devices, you cannot recover them directly from the Microsoft Authenticator app. You will need to contact the service providers for the accounts associated with those verified IDs to reissue them.
If you have access to any backup or recovery options provided by the services you are trying to log into, you should utilize those as well. Additionally, ensure that you have set up your new device correctly with the Microsoft Authenticator app to receive any new verification codes or credentials moving forward.