Solved (see original post).
ERR_CONNECTION_FAILED [SOLUTION]
ERR_CONNECTION_FAILED can be caused by exhaustion of TPC ports due to a broken application. Run this command in PowerShell to see whether there's such an application (see first column Count, usual numbers should be 10 or less, problematic apps cause 15k or more; for me the problem was the VSCode fork Antigravity). All thanks goes to EasierThanIThought on Reddit!
Get-NetTCPConnection | Group-Object -Property State, OwningProcess | Select -Property Count, Name, @{Name="ProcessName";Expression={(Get-Process -PID ($_.Name.Split(',')[-1].Trim(' '))).Name}}, Group | Sort Count -Descending
Close the apps that come up. Sometimes that doesn't help and a computer restart might be needed. Sorry, if this doesn't help. Try other options like these commands:
netsh int ip reset
netsh advfirewall reset
netsh winsock reset
ipconfig / flushdns
ipconfig / release
ipconfig / renew
Windows for home | Windows 11 | Internet and connectivity
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