Hello,
Since you have already covered the power settings and standard Windows updates pretty thoroughly, we need to narrow down if this is a driver conflict specific to that device or a motherboard chipset issue.
What is the specific brand and model of the dongle? Knowing if it is a license key like Sentinel or HASP, or a communication adapter, changes the troubleshooting path.
Also, open Device Manager and watch it while the disconnection happens. Does the device completely vanish from the list, or does it stay listed but gain a yellow warning triangle? If it shows a triangle, let me know the error code in the status.