Hello Adrien,
Thank you for posting question on Microsoft Windows Forum!
Based on the issue description. Well! The microphone is detected by Windows but is not picking up any sound. That might indicate that the issue is with settings, permissions, or hardware rather than drivers.
The suggestion here is to check the Privacy Settings. Since Windows has a master switch that can block apps from accessing your microphone, even if the device is plugged in and working by going to Settings > Privacy & Security > Microphone. Ensure Microphone access is toggled On. Scroll down and make sure Let desktop apps access your microphone is also toggled On. On the other hand, Sometimes Windows recognizes the mic but has the input volume set to zero or is looking at the wrong "virtual" device. Right-click the speaker icon in your taskbar and select Sound settings. Under Input, ensure your specific microphone is selected. Check the Volume slider next to it. If it is at 0, slide it up. Test your microphone by speaking into the mic; you should see the blue bar moving under "Test your microphone."
Another point worth mentioning here is to check for a Physical Mute Switch. It sounds simple, but many headsets and USB mics have a physical mute button or a swivel-to-mute feature. Check for a small LED on the mic (usually red if muted). If you are using a headset with a 3.5mm jack (the circular plug), ensure it is pushed all the way into the port. A half-millimeter gap can cause it to detect the device but fail to pass audio.
Some apps try to take total control of the mic, which can cause it to stop working for everything else. You can consider to disable Exclusive Mode. In Sound settings, scroll down and click More sound settings (on Windows 11) or Control Panel -> Sound. Go to the Recording tab, right-click your mic, and select Properties. Go to the Advanced tab. Uncheck Allow applications to take exclusive control of this device. Click Apply and test again.
Hope the above information is helpful! If it helps you getting more insight into the issue, It is appreciated to consider clicking "Accept Answer". Should you have more questions, feel free to leave a message.