Hi Alanna Alt,
Welcome to Microsoft Q&A forum. I'm happy to help.
Testing by tapping or scratching the microphone part cannot guarantee that your microphone is working, cause what you hear on your headphone is probably physical feedback to it.
Press the combination Windows key + R, insert mmsys.cpl and press OK to open Sound settings. Navigate to Recording tab, do you see any microphone devices there, and does the indicator go up while you're speaking to the microphone?
In case you don't have the right audio drivers for your system, please provide me your laptop or motherboard model, I will help you to find out.
If you have any updates, please feel free to let me know.