After the preview update KB5077241 (OS Build 26200.7922), I was also unable to open any “Settings”-related window.
First solution (didn't work for me)
Use the Windows repair tools from the terminal using the command:
sfc /scannow
It reported that it found corrupted files and successfully repaired them. After that, I ran:
DISM /Online /Cleanup-Image /CheckHealth
When it finished, I restarted the PC. Unfortunately, the problem was not solved — I still could not open Settings.
Second solution (what finally worked for me):
I pressed the Windows key, held down Shift, and clicked Restart. This booted the system into the Windows Recovery Environment.
From there, I selected:
Troubleshoot → Advanced options → Uninstall Updates → Uninstall latest quality update
After uninstalling the latest quality update and rebooting, Windows started normally again and the Settings app was working.
So in my case, the preview quality update was the root cause, and uninstalling it through Advanced Startup fixed the issue.
Additional recommendation:
Since this was a preview (optional) update, I also recommend turning off preview updates to prevent similar issues in the future. You can do this by going to:
Settings → Windows Update → Advanced options
Then turn off:
“Get the latest updates as soon as they’re available”
This prevents Windows from automatically installing preview (non-security) updates while still allowing regular security updates to install normally.
Hope this helped anyone out :)