May I ask if your headphones are plugged in the rear, or in the front? Is your headphone's jack TRRS or TRS? Have you tried plugging the cable in the rear instead? It should be plugged in the green port.
Also, let's check your bitrate. Please go back to mmsys.cpl → Speakers → Properties → Advanced
Set to:
24 bit, 48000 Hz
Apply - Restart.