Greetings!
This is Tin, I'll do my best to help. When you added an Authenticator on your account, your MS Account might switched to requiring two factor authentication, I will suggest you to sign out your MS Account from your Outlook app and then sign it back again. You can also check if you will be able to receive an email by signing in at https://Outlook.com
To sign back in go Open Outlook click File → Account Settings → remove, after that please relaunch the Outlook app and add back your Microsoft account. Please let me know how it goes.
Thanks,
Tin