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Hi Angharad Davies,
This behavior is usually related to how search indexing works in Microsoft SharePoint. Even though the folder has been renamed, search results may still return the old name if the index has not been updated yet. You can try the following steps to resolve the issue:
1/ Verify the folder name
• Go to the document library
• Confirm the folder shows the updated name
2/ Reindex the document library
• Go to Library Settings
• Select Advanced settings
• Click Reindex Document Library
3/ Allow time for indexing
• After triggering reindex, wait up to 24–48 hours for the search index to refresh
4/ Test search again
• Try searching using the new folder name
Additional note:
I found a similar case discussed on the Microsoft forum, you can refer to it here: https://learn.microsoft.com/en-sg/answers/questions/2279648/after-rename-library-document-how-long-does-it-tak
In that case, Microsoft also confirmed that after renaming items, search results may still show the old name until the index is refreshed, and reindexing the library is the recommended solution.
If the issue still persists after reindexing, you can also try testing in an InPrivate window or from another user account to rule out caching behavior.
Hope these will help.