What you are seeing is a very common form of email spoofing, and it does not mean your account has been hacked. The sender is simply forging your address in the “From” field so the message appears to come from you.
Email works a bit like writing any name you want on the return address of a letter. If a spammer writes your email address as the sender, receiving mail servers cannot always verify whether it is truly from you unless authentication records fail, authentication records here means, Microsoft verifies the sending email's SPF, DKIM and DMARC records.
The good news is that most email providers already detect this and place it in Junk/Spam, which is why you are seeing it there. There's no further need from you to flag or report, because it was already flagged by Microsoft. If you are interested in looking at email header, you will find indication of their SPF, DKIM and/or DMARC being flagged as failed.
Since it is already in spam folder, these emails are automatically deleted permanently when they are more than 10 days old, while deleted items folder holds for 30 days. So technically spam folder is being treated stricter already.
Unfortunately there's no way for you to set up a rule or something to block completely because the rule only applies to Inbox. If these emails ever show up in your Inbox instead of spam, then it is a different story.