Hello, thank you for reaching out to Microsoft Q&A.
With a free Microsoft account, you get 5GB of OneDrive cloud storage and 15GB of Outlook email storage. If you exceed either storage limit, your account will be temporarily frozen.
Therefore, if you upgrade your storage or free up space, it usually takes 24 hours or more for your account to unfreeze and for the storage updates to show in your account. After that, you can send and receive emails normally.
In this situation, I recommend waiting for 24 hours and then trying to send an email from outlook.com using an incognito tab to see if you can send emails successfully.