Hi,
A “Bad Image” error related to a DLL, especially when it affects Windows Security, usually means a system component or app package is corrupted, and since SFC and DISM didn’t fix it, you’ll need to go a bit deeper, but you still don’t have to reinstall Windows right away.
1. Reset and repair Windows Security
Go to Settings > Apps > Installed apps
Find Windows Security
Click Advanced options
Click Repair, then Reset
Restart your PC
Or
Right-click your Start Menu and choose Windows PowerShell (Admin)
Copy and paste the command below and hit Enter:
Get-AppxPackage Microsoft.SecHealthUI -AllUsers | Reset-AppxPackage
Let the process finish, then restart your computer and check if the issue is resolved.
2. Please check if you have any third-party antivirus software installed on your computer, such as AdwCleaner, Avast, or similar applications. If you do, uninstall them completely, restart your computer, and then check if the issue is resolved.
3. If that fails, the next step is to try System Recovery without deleting your files and apps.
Click the Start menu > Settings > System > Recovery.
Choose Reinstall Now under the section labeled 'Fix problems using Windows Update.'
Once completed, your system will restart. Please check afterward.