A family of Microsoft on-premises document management and storage systems.
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May I ask if you use SharePoint Server with Hybrid setup? If yes, are you using SP2016, 2019 or SE?
From your description, I found an article that describe this behavior. Fix site user ID mismatch in SharePoint or OneDrive - SharePoint | Microsoft Learn
These issues might also occur during directory synchronization between an Active Directory organizational unit (OU) and SharePoint. If users have already logged in to SharePoint and are later moved to a different OU, they might experience these issues when the OU synchronizes with SharePoint.
You can check the solution in the article above to resolve this.
If you simply want to access that account's OneDrive data, you can Grant access to a former user's OneDrive files to another user.
When you are done, you can now access the deleted account's OneDrive using their OneDrive URL.
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