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Based on what you’ve described, this behavior is unexpected and strange. I have tested the same PowerShell commands as a Global Administrator with the appropriate roles, and I can normally modify the outbound anti-spam policy, including the AutoForwardingMode setting.
Before try contacting Microsoft support, I recommend creating a custom outbound spam policy and explicitly scoping it to some test users first. Custom policies take precedence over the default policy and can be used to enable automatic external forwarding without modifying the default configuration.
Use this article to know how to create an outbound policy.
If the custom policy also fails to apply or produces the same behavior, this would indicate a potential backend or policy enforcement issue, and it would be best to proceed with a Microsoft support request for further investigation.
Please try first and let me know how it goes.
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