Hello,
This is generally normal. The SoftwareDistribution\Download folder is used by Windows Update for temporary download and installation files. Folders with short alphanumeric names are usually automatically generated identifiers, not corrupted or garbled filenames.
They may have been created while KB5101684 or another update component was being processed. Empty folders are harmless leftovers, and Microsoft does not currently list this as a known KB5101684 issue.
Since Windows Update is checking and installing updates normally, you can safely ignore them. There is no need to delete five empty folders manually.
To clean temporary update files, use Settings > System > Storage > Cleanup recommendations instead: https://support.microsoft.com/en-us/windows/deployment/updates-lifecycle/free-up-space-for-windows-updates
KB5101684 information: https://support.microsoft.com/en-us/servicing/os/windows-11/2026/07/july-28-2026-kb5101684-preview