Organizing and accessing contact information in Outlook.com
Sorry to hear that you’re having trouble with this. Receiving the message in Gmail does not completely rule out a sender-side issue, because Outlook.com applies its own filtering based on the sender’s domain, authentication, and mail-server reputation.
Please let me know whether the sender receives a non-delivery report and, if so, share the exact error code while removing any personal information.
Since you have already checked your storage, rules, Junk folder, and Safe Senders list, the message may be getting rejected before it reaches your mailbox. A Safe Senders entry cannot override a server-level rejection. Microsoft advises the sender or their email administrator to use Sender Support for Outlook.com to investigate their domain/IP reputation and email authentication.
https://support.microsoft.com/outlook/sender-support-in-outlook-com