Hello @Philipp Foeckeler ,
Thanks for reaching out.
Could you please try using respective child-domain's Domain Administrator username and password in which the value of the sAMAccountName attribute is unique instead enterprise Admin from root domain. Please let us know behavior because I think this possibly related to https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/troubleshoot/azure/active-directory/user-name-pwd-incorrect#resolution
Hope this helps.
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