If the slowdown started immediately after a Windows update, I’d first check Task Manager to see if CPU, memory, or disk usage is unusually high. Also check Task Manager > Startup apps and disable anything you don’t need starting with Windows, since startup apps can affect boot time and overall performance.
If that doesn’t help, run these from Command Prompt as Administrator:
DISM.exe /Online /Cleanup-image /Restorehealth
then:
sfc /scannow
Restart after they finish. These can repair corrupted Windows system files that may have been affected by an update.
Since this started after a recent update, you can also check Settings > Windows Update > Update history > Uninstall updates and see if the latest update can be removed. Microsoft lists uninstalling a recent update as a recovery option when problems begin after an update.
If you can share the Windows 11 version/build and the KB number of the update, it would be easier to narrow down what changed.