Using New Outlook on Windows for personal email, calendar, and contact management
You have already done most of the troubleshooting. I am seeing other recent reports of Gmail/Google Calendar sync issues with New Outlook.
In particular, there have been reports where Gmail email continues to work normally, but Google Calendar stops syncing in both directions even after removing/re-adding the account and revoking/re-authorizing Microsoft's Google permissions.
At this point, I don't think another repair/reset is likely to help. In New Outlook, go to Help > Support and report the issue from there. Include the approximate time you created a test event in Google Calendar and another test event in Outlook. That gives the Outlook team sync diagnostic information they can check on the service side.
For now, I am afraid you would need to use Google Calendar directly for creating or editing events so you don't miss invitations or create events that never reach Google.