Go to C:\Windows\System32\SecurityHealth. It it's empty:
- Download https://catalog.s.download.windowsupdate.com/c/msdownload/update/software/defu/2024/02/securityhealthsetup_e16941e14861a6d24750ecdf05c548189b33182a.exe
- Right click on SecurityHealthSetup_*.exe and "Run as administrator"
The Windows Security UI should work straight away. If not, restart the computer and give the system a few minutes to initialize before checking.
**link updated 10 September 2024