So it turned out the Microsoft Teams cmdlet module version 3.1.0 has issues in there when installed with no previous version. I had to install the 2.3.2-preview version first, which allowed the cmdlets to work. I then updated this version to 3.1.0 and it works fine.
So the steps you need to take are the following,
i) Remove the teams module from powershell,
Uninstall-Module MicrosoftTeams -Allversions
ii) Install the older version first,
Install-Module -Name MicrosoftTeams -RequiredVersion 2.3.2-preview -AllowPrerelease
iii) Connect to teams
Connect-MicrosoftTeams
v) Update to the latest version (Optional)
Update-Module -Name MicrosoftTeams
Run cmdlet and it should work now.
Credit to Marcus Rath for his post here https://blog.matrixpost.net/teams-powershell-several-cmdlet-doesnt-work-errounable-to-cast-object-of-type-system-management-automation-pslistmodifier-to-type-system-string/, which explains the issue in more detail.