Issue Description : You are able to see all your Azure subscriptions on local PC using Azure CLI but when you try to do the same on an Azure VM, it does not show all subscriptions.
Suggested solution :
Use the following Azure CLI commands to clear the local context and then login with your Tenant ID and displaying the Subscription list under that tenant.
az local-context show
az local-context delete --all
az login --tenant <TenantID>
az account subscription list
Please try the above and let me know if you are still seeing the issue and I can further investigate.