Hello @Luke Uhren ,
Can you try using below sample command , you can change any settings by using the az vmss update , please make sure to refer to the right attribute.
az vmss update --resource-group <resourcegroupname> --name <vmssname> --set virtualMachineProfile.extensionProfile.extensions[0].protectedSettings=""
BTW - In the extension profile - I don't see the STORAGE ACCOUNT KEY