Hi there,
Usually you need to apply *.msp patches for all SCOM components, then you need to install management packs and run SQL Scripts. The best way to check if SCOM is updated is by .dll file usually located at this location C:\Program Files\Microsoft System Center 2012 R2\Operations Manager\Server\Microsoft.EnterpriseManagement.DataWarehouse.DataAccess.dll
You can use the below threads are reference for updating the SCOM.
Updating SCOM 2012 R2 https://social.technet.microsoft.com/Forums/en-US/5e9b39cc-b3c7-49c1-928d-28b7be469c51/updating-scom-2012-r2?forum=operationsmanagerdeployment
SCOM upgradation guide from 2012 R2 to 2016 https://social.technet.microsoft.com/Forums/en-US/d36ad853-bcb3-45e9-8cae-5cc12fb7432b/scom-upgradation-guide-from-2012-r2-to-2016?forum=operationsmanagerdeployment
Import/export SCOM setting to secondary SCOM https://social.technet.microsoft.com/Forums/ie/en-US/01f0e3ed-f528-467f-9969-bb232c9c2ef9/importexport-scom-setting-to-secondary-scom?forum=operationsmanagergeneral
Export-SCOMEffectiveMonitoringConfiguration https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/answers/questions/846510/scom-exporting-and-importing-configuration.html
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