Dear PADDYCL
Welcome to Microsoft Community.
I'm sorry that you're having trouble connecting to Exchange using Outlook 2019 Professional Plus.
Thank you for providing a detailed description of the problem, which helped me understand your issue. There are some questions I would like to confirm with you to help us solve the problem.
- How many email accounts do you have configured in Outlook 2019 Professional Plus? If there are multiple email accounts, can you confirm that a single email account has a problem?
If there is only one email, then it is obvious that this email is causing the problem. Can you access your email normally in https://outlook.live.com?
- You mentioned that your email settings changed from POP3/IMAP to Microsoft Exchange. Did the problem occur immediately after the settings were changed? Try to go to your Outlook, click File-Account Settings-Account Settings in the upper left corner to confirm whether your email is correctly configured for Microsoft Exchange. If not, you can try to delete your email on this page and reconfigure it.
- Try to repair the Outlook profile. If the problem is caused by a corrupted profile, you can try to repair the Outlook profile. Or go to "File" > "Account Settings" > "Account Settings", select your account, and then click "Repair". If the repair is grayed out, it means that Outlook thinks the profile is fine.
- Update Outlook: Make sure your Outlook is up to date. Sometimes, updates contain fixes for known issues. Go to File-Office Account-About Outlook to confirm your version information. My Outlook version is currently 16.0.14332.20358. Recently, due to the problem of new authentication, your version needs to be at least 16.0.11601.10000, and if your Outlook version is LTSC, it does not support new authentication. You can refer to the picture and link below:

Modern Authentication Methods now needed to continue syncing Outlook Email in non-Microsoft email apps - Microsoft Support
- If you confirm that there are no problems with the above and your version is correct, you can try to repair Office. (Because Outlook is included in Office, we need to repair the entire Office)
For the specific repair process, you can refer to the following website:
Repair an Office application - Microsoft Support
As for sending a report to Microsoft about this issue, to be honest, no support staff will follow up on this issue, Microsoft will only count the number of this issue.
I hope the above information helps you. If you have any progress on the issue, please feel free to provide me with more information. I will be happy to help you.
Thank you for your patience and understanding.
Sincerely,
Hardyjoe.J|Microsoft Community Support Specialist