KB4058258 fails to install--Error 0x80073715

I also found this error and came out with the DISM command line tool. However, in some cases, few other reasons might also be a culprit such as host file, Visual c++ and other. You get the information here - How to fix Windows Update error 0x80073715 on Windows 10 (KB4058258).

This is the only way it worked for me on 2 different computers:

In place install from downloaded iso file.

Windows10_1709 (16299.15)_x32_x64.iso

Upgraded to 16299.214 from downloaded msu file.

Windows10.0-kb4058258-x64_16299.214.msu

I'm running Windows 10 Pro on a Dell Inspiron 15 2-in-one with CORE i7 processor.  I realized I had the subject problem as I was making sure the OS was up to date prior to a backup.  In addition to the install failures of this update, right below it in the View installed update history, there was the 2018-2 Security Update for Adobe Flash Player (KB4074595) which said Requires a restart to finish installing.  Way down on the list below that (on 1-6-2018) it said an update with the same name as (KB4058258) except numbered (KB4056892) Failed to install (0x80070643), so I made a complete backup including system image so I could at least get back to that level of destruction.  I spent a couple of days fooling with it before I happened into your post, but long story short the Troubleshooter, DSM, and sfc didn't help but the In-Place Upgrade got me all fixed up and my system is up to date.  THANKS a LOT!!!!

Unfortunately, now I can't make backups any more      :-(

I use the Backup and Restore (Windows 7) every Sunday night (plus it was used above) to make a complete backup to my WD MyCloudMirror (mirrored RAID) on my home LAN, and it looks like the file backup part works writes reasonable stuff but the system image fails with a message saying "There is not enough disk space to create the volume shadow copy ... (0x80780119)".  I ran chkdsk C:/f and didn't get any problems.  My RAID has a little over 2 TB free so I'm pretty sure there is plenty of space on the destination drive.  I ran diskmgmt and the C: partition 488 GB free (the error message says the recommend at least 1 GB).  I think the system image also backs up the EFI System Partition (100% free) and the Windows Recovery Environment (System) partition (all 3 partitions tagged as Recovery Partition are 100% free).  Can anybody please point me at any helpful posts?  Do you think there is something different in the updated Windows 10?

Thanks again

Sorry the "In Place (re-) Upgrade" didn't work for you.  It hasn't worked out well for me either, partly because it appears Microsoft added / redirected several registry entries to prevent such fixes from allowing Office 2007 installs or use of their run-times installed and used by 3rd party software.  It appears in the process they munged Windows Update, and when you try to "re-update" to an earlier version of Windows they download and re-install the munging culprits during the OS install.

I use Acronis True Image for backups.  Microsoft has not disabled it yet, so it still does backups.  Restore to an earlier time - mid January - doesn't change the behavior of any of these problems, as it appears during boot, some portion of Windows Update runs to hack the registry so Office 2007 and any app dependent on it won't run in spite of "rolling back".   I tried to run an application which is a front-end to an Access database, that uses an Access 2007 redistributable.  The program tells me "unable to access our registry keys..." and terminates.  I reinstalled, and it says "OS not configured to run this application". 

Oh, and for good measure when this "update" first hit on Jan 31 - Feb 2 it wiped all restore points, even one I had manually done a few days before.  I'm also finding other applications affected.  Quicken - "no printer available at the system level" so I can't even choose to print a report to .PDF even though "Microsoft print to PDF", "Adobe PDF" and "Quicken PDF Printer" appear in the list of printers along with my two physical printers.   This could be because Quicken is essentially a complex database application, and it probably used an Access run time that is now "banned" from the system.  Also Quicken allows import / export of various data from / to Excel, and now that is a "no no", hence the inability of Quicken to function anymore.

At this point, I think the only solution to get away from the latest update that is causing all this mayhem is to wipe the HD, and rebuild the system from Windows 10 v10240 (original Win 10 release) ISO with updates disabled and see if that prevents the Windows Update spy-mal-ransom-ware from running during and after the OS install.  If that doesn't work, it will be back to Win 8.1.  Or maybe time for Mac. (yech!).