Hi Scott,
Thank you for posting your query in Microsoft Community.
The error code “80070005” could occur when there are permission issues while performing any task on Windows. Apart from that, virus or malware might also lead to such scenarios or errors. The latest definition updates for Windows Defender might require administrative permissions to be installed. Therefore, signing in as an administrator may help resolve the issue. In order to further diagnose the issue, I would suggest you to try the following methods and check if the issue persists.
Method 1:
The error could have occurred due to corrupt Windows Update Components. I would suggest you to reset Windows update components and check if it helps.
How do I reset Windows Update components?
[Steps provided for Windows 8.1 apply to Windows 10 as well]
Important: This section, method, or task contains steps that tell you how to modify the registry. However, serious problems might occur if you modify the registry incorrectly. Therefore, make sure that you follow these steps carefully. For added protection, back up the registry before you modify it. Then, you can restore the registry if a problem occurs. For more information about how to back up and restore the registry, click the following article number to view the article in the Microsoft Knowledge Base.
If the issue still exists, try the next method.
Method 2:
I would suggest you to run the Deployment Image Servicing and Management (DISM) tool and then try installing the Defender updates.
- Open an elevated command prompt. Press WinKey + X, click Command Prompt (Admin).
- Type the following command, and then press Enter. It may take several minutes for the command operation to be completed.
dism.exe /online /cleanup-image /scanhealth 3. After you get message “The operation completed successfully” type second command and press enter. It will take some time to finish.
dism.exe /online /cleanup-image /restorehealth
Hope this information is helpful. Do let us know if you need any further assistance, we will be glad to assist you.