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Quickstart: Direct web traffic with Azure Application Gateway - Bicep

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In this quickstart, you use Bicep to create an Azure Application Gateway. Then you test the application gateway to make sure it works correctly.

Bicep is a domain-specific language (DSL) that uses declarative syntax to deploy Azure resources. It provides concise syntax, reliable type safety, and support for code reuse. Bicep offers the best authoring experience for your infrastructure-as-code solutions in Azure.

Conceptual diagram of the quickstart setup.

Prerequisites

Review the Bicep file

This Bicep file creates a simple setup with a public frontend IP address, a basic listener to host a single site on the application gateway, a basic request routing rule, and two virtual machines in the backend pool.

The Bicep file used in this quickstart is from Azure Quickstart Templates

@description('Admin username for the backend servers')
param adminUsername string

@description('Password for the admin account on the backend servers')
@secure()
param adminPassword string

@description('Location for all resources.')
param location string = resourceGroup().location

@description('Size of the virtual machine.')
param vmSize string = 'Standard_B2ms'

var virtualMachineName = 'myVM'
var virtualNetworkName = 'myVNet'
var networkInterfaceName = 'net-int'
var ipconfigName = 'ipconfig'
var publicIPAddressName = 'public_ip'
var nsgName = 'vm-nsg'
var applicationGateWayName = 'myAppGateway'
var virtualNetworkPrefix = '10.0.0.0/16'
var subnetPrefix = '10.0.0.0/24'
var backendSubnetPrefix = '10.0.1.0/24'

resource nsg 'Microsoft.Network/networkSecurityGroups@2023-09-01' = [for i in range(0, 2): {
  name: '${nsgName}${i + 1}'
  location: location
  properties: {
    securityRules: [
      {
        name: 'RDP'
        properties: {
          protocol: 'Tcp'
          sourcePortRange: '*'
          destinationPortRange: '3389'
          sourceAddressPrefix: '*'
          destinationAddressPrefix: '*'
          access: 'Allow'
          priority: 300
          direction: 'Inbound'
        }
      }
    ]
  }
}]

resource publicIPAddress 'Microsoft.Network/publicIPAddresses@2023-09-01' = [for i in range(0, 3): {
  name: '${publicIPAddressName}${i}'
  location: location
  sku: {
    name: 'Standard'
  }
  properties: {
    publicIPAddressVersion: 'IPv4'
    publicIPAllocationMethod: 'Static'
    idleTimeoutInMinutes: 4
  }
}]

resource virtualNetwork 'Microsoft.Network/virtualNetworks@2023-09-01' = {
  name: virtualNetworkName
  location: location
  properties: {
    addressSpace: {
      addressPrefixes: [
        virtualNetworkPrefix
      ]
    }
    subnets: [
      {
        name: 'myAGSubnet'
        properties: {
          addressPrefix: subnetPrefix
          privateEndpointNetworkPolicies: 'Enabled'
          privateLinkServiceNetworkPolicies: 'Enabled'
        }
      }
      {
        name: 'myBackendSubnet'
        properties: {
          addressPrefix: backendSubnetPrefix
          privateEndpointNetworkPolicies: 'Enabled'
          privateLinkServiceNetworkPolicies: 'Enabled'
        }
      }
    ]
    enableDdosProtection: false
    enableVmProtection: false
  }
}

resource virtualMachine 'Microsoft.Compute/virtualMachines@2023-09-01' = [for i in range(0, 2): {
  name: '${virtualMachineName}${i + 1}'
  location: location
  properties: {
    hardwareProfile: {
      vmSize: vmSize
    }
    storageProfile: {
      imageReference: {
        publisher: 'MicrosoftWindowsServer'
        offer: 'WindowsServer'
        sku: '2016-Datacenter'
        version: 'latest'
      }
      osDisk: {
        osType: 'Windows'
        createOption: 'FromImage'
        caching: 'ReadWrite'
        managedDisk: {
          storageAccountType: 'StandardSSD_LRS'
        }
        diskSizeGB: 127
      }
    }
    osProfile: {
      computerName: '${virtualMachineName}${i + 1}'
      adminUsername: adminUsername
      adminPassword: adminPassword
      windowsConfiguration: {
        provisionVMAgent: true
        enableAutomaticUpdates: true
      }
      allowExtensionOperations: true
    }
    networkProfile: {
      networkInterfaces: [
        {
          id: resourceId('Microsoft.Network/networkInterfaces', '${networkInterfaceName}${i + 1}')
        }
      ]
    }
  }
  dependsOn: [
    networkInterface
  ]
}]

resource virtualMachine_IIS 'Microsoft.Compute/virtualMachines/extensions@2023-09-01' = [for i in range(0, 2): {
  name: '${virtualMachineName}${(i + 1)}/IIS'
  location: location
  properties: {
    autoUpgradeMinorVersion: true
    publisher: 'Microsoft.Compute'
    type: 'CustomScriptExtension'
    typeHandlerVersion: '1.4'
    settings: {
      commandToExecute: 'powershell Add-WindowsFeature Web-Server; powershell Add-Content -Path "C:\\inetpub\\wwwroot\\Default.htm" -Value $($env:computername)'
    }
  }
  dependsOn: [
    virtualMachine
  ]
}]

resource applicationGateWay 'Microsoft.Network/applicationGateways@2023-09-01' = {
  name: applicationGateWayName
  location: location
  properties: {
    sku: {
      name: 'Standard_v2'
      tier: 'Standard_v2'
    }
    gatewayIPConfigurations: [
      {
        name: 'appGatewayIpConfig'
        properties: {
          subnet: {
            id: resourceId('Microsoft.Network/virtualNetworks/subnets', virtualNetworkName, 'myAGSubnet')
          }
        }
      }
    ]
    frontendIPConfigurations: [
      {
        name: 'appGwPublicFrontendIp'
        properties: {
          privateIPAllocationMethod: 'Dynamic'
          publicIPAddress: {
            id: resourceId('Microsoft.Network/publicIPAddresses', '${publicIPAddressName}0')
          }
        }
      }
    ]
    frontendPorts: [
      {
        name: 'port_80'
        properties: {
          port: 80
        }
      }
    ]
    backendAddressPools: [
      {
        name: 'myBackendPool'
        properties: {}
      }
    ]
    backendHttpSettingsCollection: [
      {
        name: 'myHTTPSetting'
        properties: {
          port: 80
          protocol: 'Http'
          cookieBasedAffinity: 'Disabled'
          pickHostNameFromBackendAddress: false
          requestTimeout: 20
        }
      }
    ]
    httpListeners: [
      {
        name: 'myListener'
        properties: {
          frontendIPConfiguration: {
            id: resourceId('Microsoft.Network/applicationGateways/frontendIPConfigurations', applicationGateWayName, 'appGwPublicFrontendIp')
          }
          frontendPort: {
            id: resourceId('Microsoft.Network/applicationGateways/frontendPorts', applicationGateWayName, 'port_80')
          }
          protocol: 'Http'
          requireServerNameIndication: false
        }
      }
    ]
    requestRoutingRules: [
      {
        name: 'myRoutingRule'
        properties: {
          ruleType: 'Basic'
          priority: 1
          httpListener: {
            id: resourceId('Microsoft.Network/applicationGateways/httpListeners', applicationGateWayName, 'myListener')
          }
          backendAddressPool: {
            id: resourceId('Microsoft.Network/applicationGateways/backendAddressPools', applicationGateWayName, 'myBackendPool')
          }
          backendHttpSettings: {
            id: resourceId('Microsoft.Network/applicationGateways/backendHttpSettingsCollection', applicationGateWayName, 'myHTTPSetting')
          }
        }
      }
    ]
    enableHttp2: false
    autoscaleConfiguration: {
      minCapacity: 0
      maxCapacity: 10
    }
  }
  dependsOn: [
    virtualNetwork
    publicIPAddress[0]
  ]
}

resource networkInterface 'Microsoft.Network/networkInterfaces@2023-09-01' = [for i in range(0, 2): {
  name: '${networkInterfaceName}${i + 1}'
  location: location
  properties: {
    ipConfigurations: [
      {
        name: '${ipconfigName}${i + 1}'
        properties: {
          privateIPAllocationMethod: 'Dynamic'
          publicIPAddress: {
            id: resourceId('Microsoft.Network/publicIPAddresses', '${publicIPAddressName}${i + 1}')
          }
          subnet: {
            id: resourceId('Microsoft.Network/virtualNetworks/subnets', virtualNetworkName, 'myBackendSubnet')
          }
          primary: true
          privateIPAddressVersion: 'IPv4'
          applicationGatewayBackendAddressPools: [
            {
              id: resourceId('Microsoft.Network/applicationGateways/backendAddressPools', applicationGateWayName, 'myBackendPool')
            }
          ]
        }
      }
    ]
    enableAcceleratedNetworking: false
    enableIPForwarding: false
    networkSecurityGroup: {
      id: resourceId('Microsoft.Network/networkSecurityGroups', '${nsgName}${i + 1}')
    }
  }
  dependsOn: [
    publicIPAddress
    applicationGateWay
    nsg
  ]
}]

output location string = location
output name string = applicationGateWay.name
output resourceGroupName string = resourceGroup().name
output resourceId string = applicationGateWay.id

Multiple Azure resources are defined in the Bicep file:

Deploy the Bicep file

  1. Save the Bicep file as main.bicep to your local computer.

  2. Deploy the Bicep file using either Azure CLI or Azure PowerShell.

    az group create --name myResourceGroupAG --location eastus
az deployment group create --resource-group myResourceGroupAG --template-file main.bicep --parameters adminUsername=<admin-username>

    Note

    Replace <admin-username> with the admin username for the backend servers. You'll also be prompted to enter adminPassword.

    When the deployment finishes, you should see a message indicating the deployment succeeded.

Validate the deployment

Use the Azure portal, Azure CLI, or Azure PowerShell to list the deployed resources in the resource group.

az resource list --resource-group myResourceGroupAG

Clean up resources

When no longer needed, use the Azure portal, Azure CLI, or Azure PowerShell to delete the resource group and its resources.

az group delete --name myResourceGroupAG

Next steps

Manage web traffic with an application gateway using the Azure CLI