Using If...Then...Else Statements

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You can use the If...Then...Else statement to run a specific statement or a block of statements, depending on the value of a condition. If...Then...Else statements can be nested to as many levels as you need. However, for readability, you may want to use a Select Case statement rather than multiple levels of nested If...Then...Else statements.

Running Statements if a Condition is True

To run only one statement when a condition is True, use the single-line syntax of the If...Then...Else statement. The following example shows the single-line syntax, omitting the Elsekeyword:

  Sub FixDate()
    myDate = #2/13/95#
    If myDate < Now Then myDate = Now
End Sub

To run more than one line of code, you must use the multiple-line syntax. This syntax includes the End If statement, as shown in the following example:

  Sub AlertUser(value as Long)
    If value = 0 Then
        AlertLabel.ForeColor = "Red"
        AlertLabel.Font.Bold = True
        AlertLabel.Font.Italic = True
    End If
End Sub

Running Certain Statements if a Condition is True and Running Others if It's False

Use an If...Then...Else statement to define two blocks of executable statements: one block runs if the condition is True, the other block runs if the condition is False.

  Sub AlertUser(value as Long)
    If value = 0 Then
        AlertLabel.ForeColor = vbRed
        AlertLabel.Font.Bold = True
        AlertLabel.Font.Italic = True
    Else
        AlertLabel.Forecolor = vbBlack
        AlertLabel.Font.Bold = False
        AlertLabel.Font.Italic = False
    End If
End Sub

Testing a Second Condition if the First Condition is False

You can add ElseIf statements to an If...Then...Else statement to test a second condition if the first condition is False. For example, the following function procedure computes a bonus based on job classification. The statement following the Else statement runs if the conditions in all of the If and ElseIf statements are False.

  Function Bonus(performance, salary)
    If performance = 1 Then
        Bonus = salary * 0.1
    ElseIf performance = 2 Then
        Bonus = salary * 0.09
    ElseIf performance = 3 Then
        Bonus = salary * 0.07
    Else
        Bonus = 0
    End If
End Function