Procedimiento para enlazar datos al control MaskedTextBox
Artículo
Puede enlazar datos a un control MaskedTextBox igual que a cualquier otro control de Windows Forms. Pero si el formato de los datos de la base de datos no coincide con el formato esperado por la definición de máscara, deberá volver a formatear los datos. En el procedimiento siguiente se indica cómo se hace con los eventos Format y Parse de la clase Binding para mostrar campos independientes de la base de datos de extensiones y números de teléfono como un único campo editable.
El siguiente procedimiento requiere que tenga acceso a una base de datos de SQL Server con la base de datos de ejemplo Northwind instalada.
Para enlazar datos al control MaskedTextBox
Cree un nuevo proyecto de Windows Forms.
Arrastre dos controles TextBox al formulario y asígneles los nombres FirstName y LastName.
Arrastre un control MaskedTextBox al formulario y asígnele el nombre PhoneMask.
Establezca la propiedad Mask de PhoneMask en (000) 000-0000 x9999.
Agregue las siguientes importaciones de espacio de nombres al formulario.
C#
using System.Data.SqlClient;
Imports System.Data.SqlClient
Haga clic con el botón derecho en el formulario y seleccione Ver código. Coloque este código en cualquier lugar de la clase de formulario.
C#
Binding currentBinding, phoneBinding;
DataSet employeesTable = new DataSet();
SqlConnection sc;
SqlDataAdapter dataConnect;
privatevoidForm1_Load(object sender, EventArgs e)
{
DoMaskBinding();
}
privatevoidDoMaskBinding()
{
try
{
sc = new SqlConnection("Data Source=CLIENTUE;Initial Catalog=NORTHWIND;Integrated Security=SSPI");
sc.Open();
}
catch (Exception ex)
{
MessageBox.Show(ex.Message);
return;
}
dataConnect = new SqlDataAdapter("SELECT * FROM Employees", sc);
dataConnect.Fill(employeesTable, "Employees");
// Now bind MaskedTextBox to appropriate field. Note that we must create the Binding objects // before adding them to the control - otherwise, we won't get a Format event on the// initial load.try
{
currentBinding = new Binding("Text", employeesTable, "Employees.FirstName");
firstName.DataBindings.Add(currentBinding);
currentBinding = new Binding("Text", employeesTable, "Employees.LastName");
lastName.DataBindings.Add(currentBinding);
phoneBinding =new Binding("Text", employeesTable, "Employees.HomePhone");
// We must add the event handlers before we bind, or the Format event will not get called // for the first record.
phoneBinding.Format += new ConvertEventHandler(phoneBinding_Format);
phoneBinding.Parse += new ConvertEventHandler(phoneBinding_Parse);
phoneMask.DataBindings.Add(phoneBinding);
}
catch (Exception ex)
{
MessageBox.Show(ex.Message);
return;
}
}
Dim WithEvents CurrentBinding, PhoneBinding As Binding
Dim EmployeesTable As New DataSet()
Dim sc As SqlConnection
Dim DataConnect As SqlDataAdapter
Private Sub Form1_Load(ByVal sender As System.Object, ByVal e As System.EventArgs) Handles MyBase.Load
DoMaskedBinding()
End Sub
Private Sub DoMaskedBinding()
Try
sc = New SqlConnection("Data Source=SERVERNAME;Initial Catalog=NORTHWIND;Integrated Security=SSPI")
sc.Open()
Catch ex As Exception
MessageBox.Show(ex.Message)
Exit Sub
End Try
DataConnect = New SqlDataAdapter("SELECT * FROM Employees", sc)
DataConnect.Fill(EmployeesTable, "Employees")
' Now bind MaskedTextBox to appropriate field. Note that we must create the Binding objects
' before adding them to the control - otherwise, we won't get a Format event on the
' initial load.
Try
CurrentBinding = New Binding("Text", EmployeesTable, "Employees.FirstName")
firstName.DataBindings.Add(CurrentBinding)
CurrentBinding = New Binding("Text", EmployeesTable, "Employees.LastName")
lastName.DataBindings.Add(CurrentBinding)
PhoneBinding = New Binding("Text", EmployeesTable, "Employees.HomePhone")
PhoneMask.DataBindings.Add(PhoneBinding)
Catch ex As Exception
MessageBox.Show(ex.Message)
Application.Exit()
End Try
End Sub
Agregue controladores de eventos para los eventos Format y Parse a fin de combinar y separar los campos PhoneNumber y Extension del objeto DataSet enlazado.
C#
privatevoidphoneBinding_Format(Object sender, ConvertEventArgs e)
{
String ext;
DataRowView currentRow = (DataRowView)BindingContext[employeesTable, "Employees"].Current;
if (currentRow["Extension"] == null)
{
ext = "";
} else
{
ext = currentRow["Extension"].ToString();
}
e.Value = e.Value.ToString().Trim() + " x" + ext;
}
privatevoidphoneBinding_Parse(Object sender, ConvertEventArgs e)
{
String phoneNumberAndExt = e.Value.ToString();
int extIndex = phoneNumberAndExt.IndexOf("x");
String ext = phoneNumberAndExt.Substring(extIndex).Trim();
String phoneNumber = phoneNumberAndExt.Substring(0, extIndex).Trim();
//Get the current binding object, and set the new extension manually.
DataRowView currentRow = (DataRowView)BindingContext[employeesTable, "Employees"].Current;
// Remove the "x" from the extension.
currentRow["Extension"] = ext.Substring(1);
//Return the phone number.
e.Value = phoneNumber;
}
Private Sub PhoneBinding_Format(ByVal sender As Object, ByVal e As ConvertEventArgs) Handles PhoneBinding.Format
Dim Ext As String
Dim CurrentRow As DataRowView = CType(Me.BindingContext(EmployeesTable, "Employees").Current, DataRowView)
If (CurrentRow("Extension") Is Nothing) Then
Ext = ""
Else
Ext = CurrentRow("Extension").ToString()
End If
e.Value = e.Value.ToString().Trim() & " x" & Ext
End Sub
Private Sub PhoneBinding_Parse(ByVal sender As Object, ByVal e As ConvertEventArgs) Handles PhoneBinding.Parse
Dim PhoneNumberAndExt As String = e.Value.ToString()
Dim ExtIndex As Integer = PhoneNumberAndExt.IndexOf("x")
Dim Ext As String = PhoneNumberAndExt.Substring(ExtIndex).Trim()
Dim PhoneNumber As String = PhoneNumberAndExt.Substring(0, ExtIndex).Trim()
' Get the current binding object, and set the new extension manually.
Dim CurrentRow As DataRowView = CType(Me.BindingContext(EmployeesTable, "Employees").Current, DataRowView)
' Remove the "x" from the extension.
CurrentRow("Extension") = CObj(Ext.Substring(1))
' Return the phone number.
e.Value = PhoneNumber
End Sub
Agregue dos controles Button al formulario. Asígneles los nombres previousButton y nextButton. Haga doble clic en cada botón para agregar un controlador de eventos Click y rellene los controladores de eventos como se muestra en el ejemplo de código siguiente.
Private Sub PreviousButton_Click(ByVal sender As System.Object, ByVal e As System.EventArgs) Handles PreviousButton.Click
Me.BindingContext(EmployeesTable, "Employees").Position = Me.BindingContext(EmployeesTable, "Employees").Position - 1
End Sub
Private Sub NextButton_Click(ByVal sender As System.Object, ByVal e As System.EventArgs) Handles NextButton.Click
Me.BindingContext(EmployeesTable, "Employees").Position = Me.BindingContext(EmployeesTable, "Employees").Position + 1
End Sub
Ejecute el ejemplo. Edite los datos y use los botones Anterior y Siguiente para ver que los datos se conservan correctamente en el objeto DataSet.
Ejemplo
El ejemplo de código siguiente es la lista de código completa que resulta de completar el procedimiento anterior.
#pragma region Using directives
#using <System.dll>
#using <System.Data.dll>
#using <System.Drawing.dll>
#using <System.Windows.Forms.dll>
#using <System.Xml.dll>
#using <System.EnterpriseServices.dll>
#using <System.Transactions.dll>
using namespace System;
using namespace System::Collections::Generic;
using namespace System::ComponentModel;
using namespace System::Data;
using namespace System::Drawing;
using namespace System::Windows::Forms;
using namespace System::Data::SqlClient;
#pragma endregion
namespace MaskedTextBoxDataCSharp
{
public ref class Form1 : public Form
{
/// <summary>
/// Required designer variable.
/// </summary>
private:
System::ComponentModel::IContainer^ components;
public:
Form1()
{
InitializeComponent();
}
/// <summary>
/// Clean up any resources being used.
/// </summary>
protected:
~Form1()
{
if (components != nullptr)
{
delete components;
}
}
#pragma region Windows Form Designer generated code
/// <summary>
/// Required method for Designer support - do not modify
/// the contents of this method with the code editor.
/// </summary>
private:
void InitializeComponent()
{
employeesTable = gcnew DataSet();
components = nullptr;
this->firstName = gcnew System::Windows::Forms::TextBox();
this->lastName = gcnew System::Windows::Forms::TextBox();
this->phoneMask = gcnew System::Windows::Forms::MaskedTextBox();
this->previousButton = gcnew System::Windows::Forms::Button();
this->nextButton = gcnew System::Windows::Forms::Button();
this->SuspendLayout();
//
// firstName
//
this->firstName->Location = System::Drawing::Point(13, 14);
this->firstName->Name = "firstName";
this->firstName->Size = System::Drawing::Size(184, 20);
this->firstName->TabIndex = 0;
//
// lastName
//
this->lastName->Location = System::Drawing::Point(204, 14);
this->lastName->Name = "lastName";
this->lastName->Size = System::Drawing::Size(184, 20);
this->lastName->TabIndex = 1;
//
// phoneMask
//
this->phoneMask->Location = System::Drawing::Point(441, 14);
this->phoneMask->Mask = "(009) 000-0000 x9999";
this->phoneMask->Name = "phoneMask";
this->phoneMask->Size = System::Drawing::Size(169, 20);
this->phoneMask->TabIndex = 2;
//
// previousButton
//
this->previousButton->Location = System::Drawing::Point(630, 14);
this->previousButton->Name = "previousButton";
this->previousButton->TabIndex = 3;
this->previousButton->Text = "Previous";
this->previousButton->Click += gcnew System::EventHandler(this,&Form1::previousButton_Click);
//
// nextButton
//
this->nextButton->Location = System::Drawing::Point(723, 14);
this->nextButton->Name = "nextButton";
this->nextButton->TabIndex = 4;
this->nextButton->Text = "Next";
this->nextButton->Click += gcnew System::EventHandler(this,&Form1::nextButton_Click);
//
// Form1
//
this->AutoScaleBaseSize = System::Drawing::Size(5, 13);
this->ClientSize = System::Drawing::Size(887, 46);
this->Controls->Add(this->nextButton);
this->Controls->Add(this->previousButton);
this->Controls->Add(this->phoneMask);
this->Controls->Add(this->lastName);
this->Controls->Add(this->firstName);
this->Name = "Form1";
this->Text = "Form1";
this->Load += gcnew System::EventHandler(this,&Form1::Form1_Load);
this->ResumeLayout(false);
this->PerformLayout();
}
#pragma endregion
private:
System::Windows::Forms::TextBox^ firstName;
System::Windows::Forms::TextBox^ lastName;
System::Windows::Forms::MaskedTextBox^ phoneMask;
System::Windows::Forms::Button^ previousButton;
System::Windows::Forms::Button^ nextButton;
private:
Binding^ currentBinding;
Binding^ phoneBinding;
DataSet^ employeesTable;
SqlConnection^ sc;
SqlDataAdapter^ dataConnect;
private:
void Form1_Load(Object^ sender, EventArgs^ e)
{
DoMaskBinding();
}
private:
void DoMaskBinding()
{
try
{
sc = gcnew SqlConnection("Data Source=localhost;" +
"Initial Catalog=NORTHWIND;Integrated Security=SSPI");
sc->Open();
}
catch (Exception^ ex)
{
MessageBox::Show(ex->Message);
return;
}
dataConnect = gcnew SqlDataAdapter("SELECT * FROM Employees", sc);
dataConnect->Fill(employeesTable, "Employees");
// Now bind MaskedTextBox to appropriate field. Note that we must
// create the Binding objects before adding them to the control -
// otherwise, we won't get a Format event on the initial load.
try
{
currentBinding = gcnew Binding("Text", employeesTable,
"Employees.FirstName");
firstName->DataBindings->Add(currentBinding);
currentBinding = gcnew Binding("Text", employeesTable,
"Employees.LastName");
lastName->DataBindings->Add(currentBinding);
phoneBinding = gcnew Binding("Text", employeesTable,
"Employees.HomePhone");
// We must add the event handlers before we bind, or the
// Format event will not get called for the first record.
phoneBinding->Format += gcnew
ConvertEventHandler(this, &Form1::phoneBinding_Format);
phoneBinding->Parse += gcnew
ConvertEventHandler(this, &Form1::phoneBinding_Parse);
phoneMask->DataBindings->Add(phoneBinding);
}
catch (Exception^ ex)
{
MessageBox::Show(ex->Message);
return;
}
}
private:
void phoneBinding_Format(Object^ sender, ConvertEventArgs^ e)
{
String^ ext;
DataRowView^ currentRow = (DataRowView^) BindingContext[
employeesTable, "Employees"]->Current;
if (currentRow["Extension"] == nullptr)
{
ext = "";
}
else
{
ext = currentRow["Extension"]->ToString();
}
e->Value = e->Value->ToString()->Trim() + " x" + ext;
}
private:
void phoneBinding_Parse(Object^ sender, ConvertEventArgs^ e)
{
String^ phoneNumberAndExt = e->Value->ToString();
int extIndex = phoneNumberAndExt->IndexOf("x");
String^ ext = phoneNumberAndExt->Substring(extIndex)->Trim();
String^ phoneNumber =
phoneNumberAndExt->Substring(0, extIndex)->Trim();
//Get the current binding object, and set the new extension
//manually.
DataRowView^ currentRow =
(DataRowView^ ) BindingContext[employeesTable,
"Employees"]->Current;
// Remove the "x" from the extension.
currentRow["Extension"] = ext->Substring(1);
//Return the phone number.
e->Value = phoneNumber;
}
private:
void previousButton_Click(Object^ sender, EventArgs^ e)
{
BindingContext[employeesTable, "Employees"]->Position =
BindingContext[employeesTable, "Employees"]->Position - 1;
}
private:
void nextButton_Click(Object^ sender, EventArgs^ e)
{
BindingContext[employeesTable, "Employees"]->Position =
BindingContext[employeesTable, "Employees"]->Position + 1;
}
};
}
[STAThread]
int main()
{
Application::EnableVisualStyles();
Application::Run(gcnew MaskedTextBoxDataCSharp::Form1());
}
C#
#region Using directivesusing System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.ComponentModel;
using System.Data;
using System.Drawing;
using System.Windows.Forms;
using System.Data.SqlClient;
#endregionnamespaceMaskedTextBoxDataCSharp
{
partialclassForm1 : Form
{
Binding currentBinding, phoneBinding;
DataSet employeesTable = new DataSet();
SqlConnection sc;
SqlDataAdapter dataConnect;
publicForm1()
{
InitializeComponent();
}
privatevoidForm1_Load(object sender, EventArgs e)
{
DoMaskBinding();
}
privatevoidDoMaskBinding()
{
try
{
sc = new SqlConnection("Data Source=localhost;Initial Catalog=NORTHWIND;Integrated Security=SSPI");
sc.Open();
}
catch (Exception ex)
{
MessageBox.Show(ex.Message);
return;
}
dataConnect = new SqlDataAdapter("SELECT * FROM Employees", sc);
dataConnect.Fill(employeesTable, "Employees");
// Now bind MaskedTextBox to appropriate field. Note that we must create the Binding objects// before adding them to the control - otherwise, we won't get a Format event on the// initial load.try
{
currentBinding = new Binding("Text", employeesTable, "Employees.FirstName");
firstName.DataBindings.Add(currentBinding);
currentBinding = new Binding("Text", employeesTable, "Employees.LastName");
lastName.DataBindings.Add(currentBinding);
phoneBinding =new Binding("Text", employeesTable, "Employees.HomePhone");
// We must add the event handlers before we bind, or the Format event will not get called// for the first record.
phoneBinding.Format += new ConvertEventHandler(phoneBinding_Format);
phoneBinding.Parse += new ConvertEventHandler(phoneBinding_Parse);
phoneMask.DataBindings.Add(phoneBinding);
}
catch (Exception ex)
{
MessageBox.Show(ex.Message);
return;
}
}
privatevoidphoneBinding_Format(Object sender, ConvertEventArgs e)
{
String ext;
DataRowView currentRow = (DataRowView)BindingContext[employeesTable, "Employees"].Current;
if (currentRow["Extension"] == null)
{
ext = "";
} else
{
ext = currentRow["Extension"].ToString();
}
e.Value = e.Value.ToString().Trim() + " x" + ext;
}
privatevoidphoneBinding_Parse(Object sender, ConvertEventArgs e)
{
String phoneNumberAndExt = e.Value.ToString();
int extIndex = phoneNumberAndExt.IndexOf("x");
String ext = phoneNumberAndExt.Substring(extIndex).Trim();
String phoneNumber = phoneNumberAndExt.Substring(0, extIndex).Trim();
//Get the current binding object, and set the new extension manually.
DataRowView currentRow = (DataRowView)BindingContext[employeesTable, "Employees"].Current;
// Remove the "x" from the extension.
currentRow["Extension"] = ext.Substring(1);
//Return the phone number.
e.Value = phoneNumber;
}
privatevoidpreviousButton_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)
{
BindingContext[employeesTable, "Employees"].Position = BindingContext[employeesTable, "Employees"].Position - 1;
}
privatevoidnextButton_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)
{
BindingContext[employeesTable, "Employees"].Position = BindingContext[employeesTable, "Employees"].Position + 1;
}
}
}
Imports System.Data.SqlClient
Public Class Form1
Dim WithEvents CurrentBinding, PhoneBinding As Binding
Dim EmployeesTable As New DataSet()
Dim sc As SqlConnection
Dim DataConnect As SqlDataAdapter
Private Sub Form1_Load(ByVal sender As System.Object, ByVal e As System.EventArgs) Handles MyBase.Load
DoMaskedBinding()
End Sub
Private Sub DoMaskedBinding()
Try
sc = New SqlConnection("Data Source=localhost;Initial Catalog=NORTHWIND;Integrated Security=SSPI")
sc.Open()
Catch ex As Exception
MessageBox.Show(ex.Message)
Application.Exit()
End Try
DataConnect = New SqlDataAdapter("SELECT * FROM Employees", sc)
DataConnect.Fill(EmployeesTable, "Employees")
' Now bind MaskedTextBox to appropriate field. Note that we must create the Binding objects
' before adding them to the control - otherwise, we won't get a Format event on the
' initial load.
Try
CurrentBinding = New Binding("Text", EmployeesTable, "Employees.FirstName")
firstName.DataBindings.Add(CurrentBinding)
CurrentBinding = New Binding("Text", EmployeesTable, "Employees.LastName")
lastName.DataBindings.Add(CurrentBinding)
PhoneBinding = New Binding("Text", EmployeesTable, "Employees.HomePhone")
PhoneMask.DataBindings.Add(PhoneBinding)
Catch ex As Exception
MessageBox.Show(ex.Message)
Application.Exit()
End Try
End Sub
Private Sub PhoneBinding_Format(ByVal sender As Object, ByVal e As ConvertEventArgs) Handles PhoneBinding.Format
Dim Ext As String
Dim CurrentRow As DataRowView = CType(Me.BindingContext(EmployeesTable, "Employees").Current, DataRowView)
If (CurrentRow("Extension") Is Nothing) Then
Ext = ""
Else
Ext = CurrentRow("Extension").ToString()
End If
e.Value = e.Value.ToString().Trim() & " x" & Ext
End Sub
Private Sub PhoneBinding_Parse(ByVal sender As Object, ByVal e As ConvertEventArgs) Handles PhoneBinding.Parse
Dim PhoneNumberAndExt As String = e.Value.ToString()
Dim ExtIndex As Integer = PhoneNumberAndExt.IndexOf("x")
Dim Ext As String = PhoneNumberAndExt.Substring(ExtIndex).Trim()
Dim PhoneNumber As String = PhoneNumberAndExt.Substring(0, ExtIndex).Trim()
' Get the current binding object, and set the new extension manually.
Dim CurrentRow As DataRowView = CType(Me.BindingContext(EmployeesTable, "Employees").Current, DataRowView)
' Remove the "x" from the extension.
CurrentRow("Extension") = CObj(Ext.Substring(1))
' Return the phone number.
e.Value = PhoneNumber
End Sub
Private Sub NextButton_Click(ByVal sender As System.Object, ByVal e As System.EventArgs) Handles NextButton.Click
Me.BindingContext(EmployeesTable, "Employees").Position = Me.BindingContext(EmployeesTable, "Employees").Position + 1
End Sub
Private Sub PreviousButton_Click(ByVal sender As System.Object, ByVal e As System.EventArgs) Handles PreviousButton.Click
Me.BindingContext(EmployeesTable, "Employees").Position = Me.BindingContext(EmployeesTable, "Employees").Position - 1
End Sub
End Class
Compilar el código
Cree un proyecto de Visual C# o Visual Basic.
Agregue los controles TextBox y MaskedTextBox al formulario, como se describe en el procedimiento anterior.
Abra el archivo de código fuente para el formulario predeterminado del proyecto.
Reemplace el código fuente de este archivo por el código que aparece en la sección "Código" anterior.
El origen de este contenido se puede encontrar en GitHub, donde también puede crear y revisar problemas y solicitudes de incorporación de cambios. Para más información, consulte nuestra guía para colaboradores.
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Obtenga información sobre cómo establecer la máscara de entrada. El control de cuadro de texto enmascarado es un control de cuadro de texto mejorado que admite sintaxis declarativa para aceptar o rechazar entradas de usuario.
Obtenga información sobre cómo usar el control MaskedTextBox para alertar a los usuarios cuando el valor que intentan confirmar no es válido para el tipo.