Cara: Memeriksa dan membuat instans jenis generik dengan pantulan

Artikel
04/01/2024

Informasi tentang jenis generik diperoleh dengan cara yang sama seperti informasi tentang jenis lain: dengan memeriksa objek Type yang mewakili jenis generik. Perbedaan prinsipnya adalah bahwa jenis generik memiliki daftar objek Type yang mewakili parameter jenis generiknya. Prosedur pertama di bagian ini memeriksa jenis generik.

Anda dapat membuat objek Type yang mewakili jenis yang dibangun dengan mengikat argumen jenis ke parameter jenis definisi jenis generik. Prosedur kedua menunjukkan hal ini.

Untuk memeriksa jenis generik dan parameter jenisnya

Dapatkan instans Type yang mewakili jenis generik. Dalam kode berikut, jenis diperoleh menggunakan operator C# typeof (GetType dalam Visual Basic, typeid di Visual C++). Lihat topik kelas Type untuk cara lain mendapatkan Type objek. Perhatikan bahwa di sisa prosedur ini, jenisnya terkandung dalam parameter metode bernama t.
```
Type^ d1 = Dictionary::typeid;
```
```
Type d1 = typeof(Dictionary<,>);
```
```
Dim d1 As Type = GetType(Dictionary(Of ,))
```

Gunakan properti IsGenericType untuk menentukan apakah jenisnya generik, dan gunakan properti IsGenericTypeDefinition untuk menentukan apakah jenisnya adalah definisi jenis generik.

Console::WriteLine("   Is this a generic type? {0}",
    t->IsGenericType);
Console::WriteLine("   Is this a generic type definition? {0}",
    t->IsGenericTypeDefinition);

Console.WriteLine("   Is this a generic type? {0}",
    t.IsGenericType);
Console.WriteLine("   Is this a generic type definition? {0}",
    t.IsGenericTypeDefinition);

Console.WriteLine("   Is this a generic type? " _
    & t.IsGenericType)
Console.WriteLine("   Is this a generic type definition? " _
    & t.IsGenericTypeDefinition)

Dapatkan array yang berisi argumen jenis generik, menggunakan metode GetGenericArguments.

array<Type^>^ typeParameters = t->GetGenericArguments();

Type[] typeParameters = t.GetGenericArguments();

Dim typeParameters() As Type = t.GetGenericArguments()

Untuk setiap argumen jenis, tentukan apakah itu parameter jenis (misalnya, dalam definisi jenis generik) atau jenis yang telah ditentukan untuk parameter jenis (misalnya, dalam jenis yang dibangun), menggunakan properti IsGenericParameter.

Console::WriteLine("   List {0} type arguments:",
    typeParameters->Length);
for each( Type^ tParam in typeParameters )
{
    if (tParam->IsGenericParameter)
    {
        DisplayGenericParameter(tParam);
    }
    else
    {
        Console::WriteLine("      Type argument: {0}",
            tParam);
    }
}

Console.WriteLine("   List {0} type arguments:",
    typeParameters.Length);
foreach( Type tParam in typeParameters )
{
    if (tParam.IsGenericParameter)
    {
        DisplayGenericParameter(tParam);
    }
    else
    {
        Console.WriteLine("      Type argument: {0}",
            tParam);
    }
}

Console.WriteLine("   List {0} type arguments:", _
    typeParameters.Length)
For Each tParam As Type In typeParameters
    If tParam.IsGenericParameter Then
        DisplayGenericParameter(tParam)
    Else
        Console.WriteLine("      Type argument: {0}", _
            tParam)
    End If
Next

Dalam sistem jenis, parameter jenis generik diwakili oleh instans Type, sama seperti jenis biasa. Kode berikut menampilkan nama dan posisi parameter objek Type yang mewakili parameter jenis generik. Posisi parameter adalah informasi sepele di sini; ini lebih menarik ketika Anda memeriksa parameter jenis yang telah digunakan sebagai argumen jenis dari jenis generik lainnya.

static void DisplayGenericParameter(Type^ tp)
{
    Console::WriteLine("      Type parameter: {0} position {1}",
        tp->Name, tp->GenericParameterPosition);

private static void DisplayGenericParameter(Type tp)
{
    Console.WriteLine("      Type parameter: {0} position {1}",
        tp.Name, tp.GenericParameterPosition);

Private Shared Sub DisplayGenericParameter(ByVal tp As Type)
    Console.WriteLine("      Type parameter: {0} position {1}", _
        tp.Name, tp.GenericParameterPosition)

Tentukan batasan jenis dasar dan batasan antarmuka parameter jenis generik dengan menggunakan metode GetGenericParameterConstraints untuk mendapatkan semua batasan dalam satu array. Batasan tidak dijamin berada dalam urutan tertentu.

Type^ classConstraint = nullptr;

for each(Type^ iConstraint in tp->GetGenericParameterConstraints())
{
    if (iConstraint->IsInterface)
    {
        Console::WriteLine("         Interface constraint: {0}",
            iConstraint);
    }
}

if (classConstraint != nullptr)
{
    Console::WriteLine("         Base type constraint: {0}",
        tp->BaseType);
}
else
    Console::WriteLine("         Base type constraint: None");

Type classConstraint = null;

foreach(Type iConstraint in tp.GetGenericParameterConstraints())
{
    if (iConstraint.IsInterface)
    {
        Console.WriteLine("         Interface constraint: {0}",
            iConstraint);
    }
}

if (classConstraint != null)
{
    Console.WriteLine("         Base type constraint: {0}",
        tp.BaseType);
}
else
{
    Console.WriteLine("         Base type constraint: None");
}

Dim classConstraint As Type = Nothing

For Each iConstraint As Type In tp.GetGenericParameterConstraints()
    If iConstraint.IsInterface Then
        Console.WriteLine("         Interface constraint: {0}", _
            iConstraint)
    End If
Next

If classConstraint IsNot Nothing Then
    Console.WriteLine("         Base type constraint: {0}", _
        tp.BaseType)
Else
    Console.WriteLine("         Base type constraint: None")
End If

Gunakan properti GenericParameterAttributes untuk menemukan batasan khusus pada parameter jenis, seperti mengharuskannya menjadi jenis referensi. Properti ini juga menyertakan nilai yang mewakili varians, yang dapat Anda masker seperti yang ditunjukkan dalam kode berikut.

GenericParameterAttributes sConstraints =
    tp->GenericParameterAttributes &
    GenericParameterAttributes::SpecialConstraintMask;

GenericParameterAttributes sConstraints =
    tp.GenericParameterAttributes &
    GenericParameterAttributes.SpecialConstraintMask;

Dim sConstraints As GenericParameterAttributes = _
    tp.GenericParameterAttributes And _
    GenericParameterAttributes.SpecialConstraintMask

Atribut batasan khusus adalah bendera, dan bendera yang sama (GenericParameterAttributes.None) yang tidak mewakili batasan khusus juga tidak mewakili kovarians atau kontravariansi. Dengan demikian, untuk menguji salah satu kondisi ini, Anda harus menggunakan masker yang sesuai. Dalam hal ini, gunakan GenericParameterAttributes.SpecialConstraintMask untuk mengisolasi bendera batasan khusus.

if (sConstraints == GenericParameterAttributes::None)
{
    Console::WriteLine("         No special constraints.");
}
else
{
    if (GenericParameterAttributes::None != (sConstraints &
        GenericParameterAttributes::DefaultConstructorConstraint))
    {
        Console::WriteLine("         Must have a parameterless constructor.");
    }
    if (GenericParameterAttributes::None != (sConstraints &
        GenericParameterAttributes::ReferenceTypeConstraint))
    {
        Console::WriteLine("         Must be a reference type.");
    }
    if (GenericParameterAttributes::None != (sConstraints &
        GenericParameterAttributes::NotNullableValueTypeConstraint))
    {
        Console::WriteLine("         Must be a non-nullable value type.");
    }
}

if (sConstraints == GenericParameterAttributes.None)
{
    Console.WriteLine("         No special constraints.");
}
else
{
    if (GenericParameterAttributes.None != (sConstraints &
        GenericParameterAttributes.DefaultConstructorConstraint))
    {
        Console.WriteLine("         Must have a parameterless constructor.");
    }
    if (GenericParameterAttributes.None != (sConstraints &
        GenericParameterAttributes.ReferenceTypeConstraint))
    {
        Console.WriteLine("         Must be a reference type.");
    }
    if (GenericParameterAttributes.None != (sConstraints &
        GenericParameterAttributes.NotNullableValueTypeConstraint))
    {
        Console.WriteLine("         Must be a non-nullable value type.");
    }
}

If sConstraints = GenericParameterAttributes.None Then
    Console.WriteLine("         No special constraints.")
Else
    If GenericParameterAttributes.None <> (sConstraints And _
        GenericParameterAttributes.DefaultConstructorConstraint) Then
        Console.WriteLine("         Must have a parameterless constructor.")
    End If
    If GenericParameterAttributes.None <> (sConstraints And _
        GenericParameterAttributes.ReferenceTypeConstraint) Then
        Console.WriteLine("         Must be a reference type.")
    End If
    If GenericParameterAttributes.None <> (sConstraints And _
        GenericParameterAttributes.NotNullableValueTypeConstraint) Then
        Console.WriteLine("         Must be a non-nullable value type.")
    End If
End If

Membuat instans jenis generik

Jenis generik seperti templat. Anda tidak dapat membuat instansnya kecuali Anda menentukan jenis nyata untuk parameter jenis generiknya. Untuk melakukan ini pada waktu proses, menggunakan pantulan, memerlukan metode MakeGenericType.

Dapatkan objek Type yang mewakili jenis generik. Kode berikut mendapatkan jenis generik Dictionary<TKey,TValue> dengan dua cara berbeda: dengan menggunakan metode Type.GetType(String) kelebihan beban dengan string yang menjelaskan jenisnya, dan dengan memanggil metode GetGenericTypeDefinition pada jenis Dictionary\<String, Example> yang dibangun (Dictionary(Of String, Example) dalam Visual Basic). Metode ini MakeGenericType memerlukan definisi jenis generik.

// Use the typeid keyword to create the generic type
// definition directly.
Type^ d1 = Dictionary::typeid;

// You can also obtain the generic type definition from a
// constructed class. In this case, the constructed class
// is a dictionary of Example objects, with String keys.
Dictionary<String^, Example^>^ d2 = gcnew Dictionary<String^, Example^>();
// Get a Type object that represents the constructed type,
// and from that get the generic type definition. The
// variables d1 and d4 contain the same type.
Type^ d3 = d2->GetType();
Type^ d4 = d3->GetGenericTypeDefinition();

// Use the typeof operator to create the generic type
// definition directly. To specify the generic type definition,
// omit the type arguments but retain the comma that separates
// them.
Type d1 = typeof(Dictionary<,>);

// You can also obtain the generic type definition from a
// constructed class. In this case, the constructed class
// is a dictionary of Example objects, with String keys.
Dictionary<string, Example> d2 = new Dictionary<string, Example>();
// Get a Type object that represents the constructed type,
// and from that get the generic type definition. The
// variables d1 and d4 contain the same type.
Type d3 = d2.GetType();
Type d4 = d3.GetGenericTypeDefinition();

' Use the GetType operator to create the generic type 
' definition directly. To specify the generic type definition,
' omit the type arguments but retain the comma that separates
' them.
Dim d1 As Type = GetType(Dictionary(Of ,))

' You can also obtain the generic type definition from a
' constructed class. In this case, the constructed class
' is a dictionary of Example objects, with String keys.
Dim d2 As New Dictionary(Of String, Example)
' Get a Type object that represents the constructed type,
' and from that get the generic type definition. The 
' variables d1 and d4 contain the same type.
Dim d3 As Type = d2.GetType()
Dim d4 As Type = d3.GetGenericTypeDefinition()

Buat array argumen jenis untuk mengganti parameter jenis. Array harus berisi jumlah objek Type yang benar, dalam urutan yang sama seperti yang muncul dalam daftar parameter jenis. Dalam hal ini, kunci (parameter jenis pertama) berjenis String, dan nilai dalam kamus adalah instans kelas bernama Example.
```
array<Type^>^ typeArgs = {String::typeid, Example::typeid};
```
```
Type[] typeArgs = {typeof(string), typeof(Example)};
```
```
Dim typeArgs() As Type = _
    {GetType(String), GetType(Example)}
```

Panggil metode MakeGenericType untuk mengikat argumen jenis ke parameter jenis dan buat jenisnya.

Type^ constructed = d1->MakeGenericType(typeArgs);

Type constructed = d1.MakeGenericType(typeArgs);

Dim constructed As Type = _
    d1.MakeGenericType(typeArgs)

Gunakan metode CreateInstance(Type) kelebihan beban untuk membuat objek dari jenis yang dibangun. Kode berikut menyimpan dua instans kelas Example dalam objek Dictionary<String, Example> yang dihasilkan.
```
Object^ o = Activator::CreateInstance(constructed);
```
```
object o = Activator.CreateInstance(constructed);
```
```
Dim o As Object = Activator.CreateInstance(constructed)
```

Contoh

Contoh kode berikut mendefinisikan metode DisplayGenericType untuk memeriksa definisi jenis generik dan jenis yang dibangun yang digunakan dalam kode dan menampilkan informasinya. Metode ini DisplayGenericType menunjukkan cara menggunakan properti IsGenericType, IsGenericParameter, dan GenericParameterPosition dan metode GetGenericArguments.

Contoh ini juga mendefinisikan metode DisplayGenericParameter untuk memeriksa parameter jenis generik dan menampilkan batasannya.

Contoh kode mendefinisikan sekumpulan jenis pengujian, termasuk jenis generik yang mengilustrasikan batasan parameter jenis, dan menunjukkan cara menampilkan informasi tentang jenis ini.

Contoh membuat jenis dari kelas Dictionary<TKey,TValue> dengan membuat array argumen jenis dan memanggil metode MakeGenericType. Program ini membandingkan objek yang Type dibangun menggunakan MakeGenericType dengan objek yang Type diperoleh menggunakan typeof (GetType dalam Visual Basic), menunjukkan bahwa objek tersebut sama. Demikian pula, program ini menggunakan metode GetGenericTypeDefinition untuk mendapatkan definisi jenis generik dari jenis yang dibangun, dan membandingkannya Type dengan objek yang mewakili kelas Dictionary<TKey,TValue>.

using namespace System;
using namespace System::Reflection;
using namespace System::Collections::Generic;
using namespace System::Security::Permissions;

// Define an example interface.
public interface class ITestArgument {};

// Define an example base class.
public ref class TestBase {};

// Define a generic class with one parameter. The parameter
// has three constraints: It must inherit TestBase, it must
// implement ITestArgument, and it must have a parameterless
// constructor.

generic<class T>
    where T : TestBase, ITestArgument, gcnew()
public ref class Test {};

// Define a class that meets the constraints on the type
// parameter of class Test.
public ref class TestArgument : TestBase, ITestArgument
{
public:
    TestArgument() {}
};

public ref class Example
{
    // The following method displays information about a generic
    // type.
private:
    static void DisplayGenericType(Type^ t)
    {
        Console::WriteLine("\r\n {0}", t);
        Console::WriteLine("   Is this a generic type? {0}",
            t->IsGenericType);
        Console::WriteLine("   Is this a generic type definition? {0}",
            t->IsGenericTypeDefinition);

        // Get the generic type parameters or type arguments.
        array<Type^>^ typeParameters = t->GetGenericArguments();

        Console::WriteLine("   List {0} type arguments:",
            typeParameters->Length);
        for each( Type^ tParam in typeParameters )
        {
            if (tParam->IsGenericParameter)
            {
                DisplayGenericParameter(tParam);
            }
            else
            {
                Console::WriteLine("      Type argument: {0}",
                    tParam);
            }
        }
    }

    // The following method displays information about a generic
    // type parameter. Generic type parameters are represented by
    // instances of System.Type, just like ordinary types.
    static void DisplayGenericParameter(Type^ tp)
    {
        Console::WriteLine("      Type parameter: {0} position {1}",
            tp->Name, tp->GenericParameterPosition);

        Type^ classConstraint = nullptr;

        for each(Type^ iConstraint in tp->GetGenericParameterConstraints())
        {
            if (iConstraint->IsInterface)
            {
                Console::WriteLine("         Interface constraint: {0}",
                    iConstraint);
            }
        }

        if (classConstraint != nullptr)
        {
            Console::WriteLine("         Base type constraint: {0}",
                tp->BaseType);
        }
        else
            Console::WriteLine("         Base type constraint: None");

        GenericParameterAttributes sConstraints =
            tp->GenericParameterAttributes &
            GenericParameterAttributes::SpecialConstraintMask;

        if (sConstraints == GenericParameterAttributes::None)
        {
            Console::WriteLine("         No special constraints.");
        }
        else
        {
            if (GenericParameterAttributes::None != (sConstraints &
                GenericParameterAttributes::DefaultConstructorConstraint))
            {
                Console::WriteLine("         Must have a parameterless constructor.");
            }
            if (GenericParameterAttributes::None != (sConstraints &
                GenericParameterAttributes::ReferenceTypeConstraint))
            {
                Console::WriteLine("         Must be a reference type.");
            }
            if (GenericParameterAttributes::None != (sConstraints &
                GenericParameterAttributes::NotNullableValueTypeConstraint))
            {
                Console::WriteLine("         Must be a non-nullable value type.");
            }
        }
    }

public:
    [PermissionSetAttribute(SecurityAction::Demand, Name="FullTrust")]
    static void Main()
    {
        // Two ways to get a Type object that represents the generic
        // type definition of the Dictionary class.
        //
        // Use the typeid keyword to create the generic type
        // definition directly.
        Type^ d1 = Dictionary::typeid;

        // You can also obtain the generic type definition from a
        // constructed class. In this case, the constructed class
        // is a dictionary of Example objects, with String keys.
        Dictionary<String^, Example^>^ d2 = gcnew Dictionary<String^, Example^>();
        // Get a Type object that represents the constructed type,
        // and from that get the generic type definition. The
        // variables d1 and d4 contain the same type.
        Type^ d3 = d2->GetType();
        Type^ d4 = d3->GetGenericTypeDefinition();

        // Display information for the generic type definition, and
        // for the constructed type Dictionary<String, Example>.
        DisplayGenericType(d1);
        DisplayGenericType(d2->GetType());

        // Construct an array of type arguments to substitute for
        // the type parameters of the generic Dictionary class.
        // The array must contain the correct number of types, in
        // the same order that they appear in the type parameter
        // list of Dictionary. The key (first type parameter)
        // is of type string, and the type to be contained in the
        // dictionary is Example.
        array<Type^>^ typeArgs = {String::typeid, Example::typeid};

        // Construct the type Dictionary<String, Example>.
        Type^ constructed = d1->MakeGenericType(typeArgs);

        DisplayGenericType(constructed);

        Object^ o = Activator::CreateInstance(constructed);

        Console::WriteLine("\r\nCompare types obtained by different methods:");
        Console::WriteLine("   Are the constructed types equal? {0}",
            (d2->GetType()==constructed));
        Console::WriteLine("   Are the generic definitions equal? {0}",
            (d1==constructed->GetGenericTypeDefinition()));

        // Demonstrate the DisplayGenericType and
        // DisplayGenericParameter methods with the Test class
        // defined above. This shows base, interface, and special
        // constraints.
        DisplayGenericType(Test::typeid);
    }
};

int main()
{
    Example::Main();
}

using System;
using System.Reflection;
using System.Collections.Generic;

// Define an example interface.
public interface ITestArgument {}

// Define an example base class.
public class TestBase {}

// Define a generic class with one parameter. The parameter
// has three constraints: It must inherit TestBase, it must
// implement ITestArgument, and it must have a parameterless
// constructor.
public class Test<T> where T : TestBase, ITestArgument, new() {}

// Define a class that meets the constraints on the type
// parameter of class Test.
public class TestArgument : TestBase, ITestArgument
{
    public TestArgument() {}
}

public class Example
{
    // The following method displays information about a generic
    // type.
    private static void DisplayGenericType(Type t)
    {
        Console.WriteLine("\r\n {0}", t);
        Console.WriteLine("   Is this a generic type? {0}",
            t.IsGenericType);
        Console.WriteLine("   Is this a generic type definition? {0}",
            t.IsGenericTypeDefinition);

        // Get the generic type parameters or type arguments.
        Type[] typeParameters = t.GetGenericArguments();

        Console.WriteLine("   List {0} type arguments:",
            typeParameters.Length);
        foreach( Type tParam in typeParameters )
        {
            if (tParam.IsGenericParameter)
            {
                DisplayGenericParameter(tParam);
            }
            else
            {
                Console.WriteLine("      Type argument: {0}",
                    tParam);
            }
        }
    }

    // The following method displays information about a generic
    // type parameter. Generic type parameters are represented by
    // instances of System.Type, just like ordinary types.
    private static void DisplayGenericParameter(Type tp)
    {
        Console.WriteLine("      Type parameter: {0} position {1}",
            tp.Name, tp.GenericParameterPosition);

        Type classConstraint = null;

        foreach(Type iConstraint in tp.GetGenericParameterConstraints())
        {
            if (iConstraint.IsInterface)
            {
                Console.WriteLine("         Interface constraint: {0}",
                    iConstraint);
            }
        }

        if (classConstraint != null)
        {
            Console.WriteLine("         Base type constraint: {0}",
                tp.BaseType);
        }
        else
        {
            Console.WriteLine("         Base type constraint: None");
        }

        GenericParameterAttributes sConstraints =
            tp.GenericParameterAttributes &
            GenericParameterAttributes.SpecialConstraintMask;

        if (sConstraints == GenericParameterAttributes.None)
        {
            Console.WriteLine("         No special constraints.");
        }
        else
        {
            if (GenericParameterAttributes.None != (sConstraints &
                GenericParameterAttributes.DefaultConstructorConstraint))
            {
                Console.WriteLine("         Must have a parameterless constructor.");
            }
            if (GenericParameterAttributes.None != (sConstraints &
                GenericParameterAttributes.ReferenceTypeConstraint))
            {
                Console.WriteLine("         Must be a reference type.");
            }
            if (GenericParameterAttributes.None != (sConstraints &
                GenericParameterAttributes.NotNullableValueTypeConstraint))
            {
                Console.WriteLine("         Must be a non-nullable value type.");
            }
        }
    }

    public static void Main()
    {
        // Two ways to get a Type object that represents the generic
        // type definition of the Dictionary class.
        //
        // Use the typeof operator to create the generic type
        // definition directly. To specify the generic type definition,
        // omit the type arguments but retain the comma that separates
        // them.
        Type d1 = typeof(Dictionary<,>);

        // You can also obtain the generic type definition from a
        // constructed class. In this case, the constructed class
        // is a dictionary of Example objects, with String keys.
        Dictionary<string, Example> d2 = new Dictionary<string, Example>();
        // Get a Type object that represents the constructed type,
        // and from that get the generic type definition. The
        // variables d1 and d4 contain the same type.
        Type d3 = d2.GetType();
        Type d4 = d3.GetGenericTypeDefinition();

        // Display information for the generic type definition, and
        // for the constructed type Dictionary<String, Example>.
        DisplayGenericType(d1);
        DisplayGenericType(d2.GetType());

        // Construct an array of type arguments to substitute for
        // the type parameters of the generic Dictionary class.
        // The array must contain the correct number of types, in
        // the same order that they appear in the type parameter
        // list of Dictionary. The key (first type parameter)
        // is of type string, and the type to be contained in the
        // dictionary is Example.
        Type[] typeArgs = {typeof(string), typeof(Example)};

        // Construct the type Dictionary<String, Example>.
        Type constructed = d1.MakeGenericType(typeArgs);

        DisplayGenericType(constructed);

        object o = Activator.CreateInstance(constructed);

        Console.WriteLine("\r\nCompare types obtained by different methods:");
        Console.WriteLine("   Are the constructed types equal? {0}",
            (d2.GetType()==constructed));
        Console.WriteLine("   Are the generic definitions equal? {0}",
            (d1==constructed.GetGenericTypeDefinition()));

        // Demonstrate the DisplayGenericType and
        // DisplayGenericParameter methods with the Test class
        // defined above. This shows base, interface, and special
        // constraints.
        DisplayGenericType(typeof(Test<>));
    }
}

Imports System.Reflection
Imports System.Collections.Generic

' Define an example interface.
Public Interface ITestArgument
End Interface

' Define an example base class.
Public Class TestBase
End Class

' Define a generic class with one parameter. The parameter
' has three constraints: It must inherit TestBase, it must
' implement ITestArgument, and it must have a parameterless
' constructor.
Public Class Test(Of T As {TestBase, ITestArgument, New})
End Class

' Define a class that meets the constraints on the type
' parameter of class Test.
Public Class TestArgument
    Inherits TestBase
    Implements ITestArgument
    Public Sub New()
    End Sub
End Class

Public Class Example
    ' The following method displays information about a generic
    ' type.
    Private Shared Sub DisplayGenericType(ByVal t As Type)
        Console.WriteLine(vbCrLf & t.ToString())
        Console.WriteLine("   Is this a generic type? " _
            & t.IsGenericType)
        Console.WriteLine("   Is this a generic type definition? " _
            & t.IsGenericTypeDefinition)

        ' Get the generic type parameters or type arguments.
        Dim typeParameters() As Type = t.GetGenericArguments()

        Console.WriteLine("   List {0} type arguments:", _
            typeParameters.Length)
        For Each tParam As Type In typeParameters
            If tParam.IsGenericParameter Then
                DisplayGenericParameter(tParam)
            Else
                Console.WriteLine("      Type argument: {0}", _
                    tParam)
            End If
        Next
    End Sub

    ' The following method displays information about a generic
    ' type parameter. Generic type parameters are represented by
    ' instances of System.Type, just like ordinary types.
    Private Shared Sub DisplayGenericParameter(ByVal tp As Type)
        Console.WriteLine("      Type parameter: {0} position {1}", _
            tp.Name, tp.GenericParameterPosition)

        Dim classConstraint As Type = Nothing

        For Each iConstraint As Type In tp.GetGenericParameterConstraints()
            If iConstraint.IsInterface Then
                Console.WriteLine("         Interface constraint: {0}", _
                    iConstraint)
            End If
        Next

        If classConstraint IsNot Nothing Then
            Console.WriteLine("         Base type constraint: {0}", _
                tp.BaseType)
        Else
            Console.WriteLine("         Base type constraint: None")
        End If

        Dim sConstraints As GenericParameterAttributes = _
            tp.GenericParameterAttributes And _
            GenericParameterAttributes.SpecialConstraintMask
        If sConstraints = GenericParameterAttributes.None Then
            Console.WriteLine("         No special constraints.")
        Else
            If GenericParameterAttributes.None <> (sConstraints And _
                GenericParameterAttributes.DefaultConstructorConstraint) Then
                Console.WriteLine("         Must have a parameterless constructor.")
            End If
            If GenericParameterAttributes.None <> (sConstraints And _
                GenericParameterAttributes.ReferenceTypeConstraint) Then
                Console.WriteLine("         Must be a reference type.")
            End If
            If GenericParameterAttributes.None <> (sConstraints And _
                GenericParameterAttributes.NotNullableValueTypeConstraint) Then
                Console.WriteLine("         Must be a non-nullable value type.")
            End If
        End If
    End Sub

    Public Shared Sub Main()
        ' Two ways to get a Type object that represents the generic
        ' type definition of the Dictionary class. 
        '
        ' Use the GetType operator to create the generic type 
        ' definition directly. To specify the generic type definition,
        ' omit the type arguments but retain the comma that separates
        ' them.
        Dim d1 As Type = GetType(Dictionary(Of ,))

        ' You can also obtain the generic type definition from a
        ' constructed class. In this case, the constructed class
        ' is a dictionary of Example objects, with String keys.
        Dim d2 As New Dictionary(Of String, Example)
        ' Get a Type object that represents the constructed type,
        ' and from that get the generic type definition. The 
        ' variables d1 and d4 contain the same type.
        Dim d3 As Type = d2.GetType()
        Dim d4 As Type = d3.GetGenericTypeDefinition()

        ' Display information for the generic type definition, and
        ' for the constructed type Dictionary(Of String, Example).
        DisplayGenericType(d1)
        DisplayGenericType(d2.GetType())

        ' Construct an array of type arguments to substitute for 
        ' the type parameters of the generic Dictionary class.
        ' The array must contain the correct number of types, in 
        ' the same order that they appear in the type parameter 
        ' list of Dictionary. The key (first type parameter)
        ' is of type string, and the type to be contained in the
        ' dictionary is Example.
        Dim typeArgs() As Type = _
            {GetType(String), GetType(Example)}

        ' Construct the type Dictionary(Of String, Example).
        Dim constructed As Type = _
            d1.MakeGenericType(typeArgs)

        DisplayGenericType(constructed)

        Dim o As Object = Activator.CreateInstance(constructed)

        Console.WriteLine(vbCrLf & _
            "Compare types obtained by different methods:")
        Console.WriteLine("   Are the constructed types equal? " _
            & (d2.GetType() Is constructed))
        Console.WriteLine("   Are the generic definitions equal? " _
            & (d1 Is constructed.GetGenericTypeDefinition()))

        ' Demonstrate the DisplayGenericType and 
        ' DisplayGenericParameter methods with the Test class 
        ' defined above. This shows base, interface, and special
        ' constraints.
        DisplayGenericType(GetType(Test(Of )))
    End Sub
End Class

Bagikan melalui

Cara: Memeriksa dan membuat instans jenis generik dengan pantulan

Untuk memeriksa jenis generik dan parameter jenisnya

Membuat instans jenis generik

Contoh

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