Hi Iben,
Thank you for reaching out about the trouble you’re having with the Microsoft Authenticator app. I completely understand how frustrating it is when the app asks for a verification code that you can’t access because you’re already inside the app.
This usually happens when your account needs to be re‑verified or when the app is not fully registered as an authentication method on your device. A good way to fix this is to remove the affected account from the Authenticator app and add it again by signing in through your Microsoft account security page on another device. If you can’t access any of your current sign‑in methods you can recover your account by using the account recovery link at https://aka.ms/recover . Once you regain access you can open the Authenticator app again and set it up so it prompts you correctly.
Are you still able to sign in to your email or Microsoft account on another device like a computer or tablet?
I hope this answer is helpful if you have further questions feel free to reply back
Regards,
Marcelo