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Get started with Azure Cosmos DB for MongoDB using JavaScript

  • Članek

APPLIES TO: MongoDB

This article shows you how to connect to Azure Cosmos DB for MongoDB using the native MongoDB npm package. Once connected, you can perform operations on databases, collections, and docs.

Opomba

The example code snippets are available on GitHub as a JavaScript project.

API for MongoDB reference documentation | MongoDB Package (npm)

Prerequisites

Create a new JavaScript app

  1. Create a new JavaScript application in an empty folder using your preferred terminal. Use the npm init command to begin the prompts to create the package.json file. Accept the defaults for the prompts.

    Console 
    npm init

  2. Add the MongoDB npm package to the JavaScript project. Use the npm install package command specifying the name of the npm package. The dotenv package is used to read the environment variables from a .env file during local development.

    Console 
    npm install mongodb dotenv

  3. To run the app, use a terminal to navigate to the application directory and run the application.

    Console 
    node index.js

Connect with MongoDB native driver to Azure Cosmos DB for MongoDB

To connect with the MongoDB native driver to Azure Cosmos DB, create an instance of the MongoClient class. This class is the starting point to perform all operations against databases.

The most common constructor for MongoClient has two parameters:

Parameter Example value Description
url COSMOS_CONNECTION_STRING environment variable API for MongoDB connection string to use for all requests
options {ssl: true, tls: true, } MongoDB Options for the connection.

Refer to the Troubleshooting guide for connection issues.

Get resource name

  1. Create a shell variable for resourceGroupName.

    Azure CLI 
    # Variable for resource group name
resourceGroupName="msdocs-cosmos"

  2. Use the az cosmosdb list command to retrieve the name of the first Azure Cosmos DB account in your resource group and store it in the accountName shell variable.

    Azure CLI 
    # Retrieve most recently created account name
accountName=$(
    az cosmosdb list \
        --resource-group $resourceGroupName \
        --query "[0].name" \
        --output tsv
)

Retrieve your connection string

  1. Find the API for MongoDB connection string from the list of connection strings for the account with the az cosmosdb keys list command.

    Azure CLI 
    az cosmosdb keys list --type connection-strings \
    --resource-group $resourceGroupName \
    --name $accountName

  2. Record the PRIMARY KEY values. You'll use these credentials later.

Configure environment variables

To use the CONNECTION STRING values within your code, set this value in the local environment running the application. To set the environment variable, use your preferred terminal to run the following commands:

Bash 
export COSMOS_CONNECTION_STRING="<cosmos-connection-string>"

Create MongoClient with connection string

  1. Add dependencies to reference the MongoDB and DotEnv npm packages.

    JavaScript 
    // Read .env file and set environment variables
require('dotenv').config();

// Use official mongodb driver to connect to the server
const { MongoClient } = require('mongodb');

  2. Define a new instance of the MongoClient class using the constructor, and process.env. to use the connection string.

    JavaScript 
    // New instance of MongoClient with connection string
// for Cosmos DB
const url = process.env.COSMOS_CONNECTION_STRING;
const client = new MongoClient(url);

// connect to the server
await client.connect();

// client options
const options = client.options
console.log(`Options:\n${Object.keys(options).map(key => `\t${key}: ${options[key]}\n`)}`);

For more information on different ways to create a MongoClient instance, see MongoDB NodeJS Driver Quick Start.

Close the MongoClient connection

When your application is finished with the connection, remember to close it. The .close() call should be after all database calls are made.

JavaScript 
client.close()

Use MongoDB client classes with Azure Cosmos DB for API for MongoDB

Before you start building the application, let's look into the hierarchy of resources in Azure Cosmos DB. Azure Cosmos DB has a specific object model used to create and access resources. The Azure Cosmos DB creates resources in a hierarchy that consists of accounts, databases, collections, and docs.

Diagram of the Azure Cosmos DB for MongoDB hierarchy including accounts, databases, collections, and docs.

Each type of resource is represented by one or more associated JavaScript classes. Here's a list of the most common classes:

Class Description
MongoClient This class provides a client-side logical representation for the API for MongoDB layer on Azure Cosmos DB. The client object is used to configure and execute requests against the service.
Db This class is a reference to a database that may, or may not, exist in the service yet. The database is validated server-side when you attempt to access it or perform an operation against it.
Collection This class is a reference to a collection that also may not exist in the service yet. The collection is validated server-side when you attempt to work with it.

The following guides show you how to use each of these classes to build your application.

Guide:

See also

Next steps

Now that you've connected to an API for MongoDB account, use the next guide to create and manage databases.

Create a database in Azure Cosmos DB for MongoDB using JavaScript