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PowerShell 脚本 - 使用 Azure 数据工厂以增量方式加载数据

项目
01/05/2024

将源中的数据初始完全复制到接收器后，此示例 PowerShell 脚本仅从源数据存储将新的或已更新记录加载到接收器数据存储。

注意

建议使用 Azure Az PowerShell 模块与 Azure 交互。请参阅安装 Azure PowerShell 以开始使用。若要了解如何迁移到 Az PowerShell 模块，请参阅将 Azure PowerShell 从 AzureRM 迁移到 Az。

本示例需要 Azure PowerShell。运行 Get-Module -ListAvailable Az 即可查找版本。如果需要进行安装或升级，请参阅安装 Azure PowerShell 模块。

通过运行 Connect-AzAccount cmdlet 连接到 Azure。

有关运行此示例的先决条件，请参阅教程：增量复制。

示例脚本

重要

此脚本在硬盘驱动器上的 c:\ 文件夹中创建 JSON 文件，用于定义数据工厂实体（链接服务、数据集和管道）。


# Set variables with your own values
$resourceGroupName = "<azure resource group name>" # group will be created if it does not exist already
$dataFactoryName = "<data factory name>" # must be globally unique
$dataFactoryRegion = "East US" 
$storageAccountName = "<Az.Storage account name>"
$storageAccountKey = "<Az.Storage account key>"
$azureSqlServer = "<azure sql server name>"
$azureSqlDatabase = "<azure sql database name>"
$azureSqlUser = "<azure sql server - user name>"
$azureSqlPassword = "<azure sql server - user password>"
$outputBlobFolderPath = "<azure blob container>/<folder>" # output folder where the records are copied. 

$azureStorageLinkedServiceName = "AzureStorageLinkedService"
$azureSqlDatabaseLinkedServiceName = "AzureSQLDatabaseLinkedService"
$sourceDatasetName = "SourceDataset"
$sinkDatasetName = "SinkDataset"
$sourceSqlTableName = "datasource"
$watermarkDatasetName = "WatermarkDataset"
$pipelineName = "IncrementalCopyPipeline"

# Create a resource group
New-AzResourceGroup -Name $resourceGroupName -Location $dataFactoryRegion


# Create a data factory
$df = Set-AzDataFactoryV2 -ResourceGroupName $resourceGroupName -Location $dataFactoryRegion -Name $dataFactoryName 

# Create an Az.Storage linked service in the data factory

## JSON definition of the linked service. 
$storageLinkedServiceDefinition = @"
{
    "name": "$azureStorageLinkedServiceName",
    "properties": {
        "type": "AzureStorage",
        "typeProperties": {
            "connectionString": {
                "value": "DefaultEndpointsProtocol=https;AccountName=$storageAccountName;AccountKey=$storageAccountKey",
                "type": "SecureString"
            }
        }
    }
}
"@

## IMPORTANT: stores the JSON definition in a file that will be used by the Set-AzDataFactoryV2LinkedService command. 
$storageLinkedServiceDefinition | Out-File ./$azureStorageLinkedServiceName.json

## Creates a linked service in the data factory
Set-AzDataFactoryV2LinkedService -DataFactoryName $dataFactoryName -ResourceGroupName $resourceGroupName -Name "$azureStorageLinkedServiceName" -File ./$azureStorageLinkedServiceName.json

## JSON definition of the linked service. 
$azureSQLDatabaseLinkedServiceDefinition = @"
{
    "name": "$azureSqlDatabaseLinkedService",
    "properties": {
        "type": "AzureSqlDatabase",
        "typeProperties": {
            "connectionString": {
                "value": "Server = tcp:$azureSqlServer.database.windows.net,1433;Initial Catalog=$azureSqlDatabase; Persist Security Info=False; User ID=$azureSqlUser; Password=$azureSqlPassword; MultipleActiveResultSets = False; Encrypt = True; TrustServerCertificate = False; Connection Timeout = 30;",
                "type": "SecureString"
            }
        }
    }
}
"@

## IMPORTANT: stores the JSON definition in a file that will be used by the Set-AzDataFactoryV2LinkedService command. 
$azureSQLDatabaseLinkedServiceDefinition | Out-File ./$azureSqlDatabaseLinkedServiceName.json

## Creates a linked service in the data factory
Set-AzDataFactoryV2LinkedService -DataFactoryName $dataFactoryName -ResourceGroupName $resourceGroupName -Name "$azureSqlDatabaseLinkedServiceName" -File ./$azureSqlDatabaseLinkedServiceName.json

# Create an Azure SQL dataset in the data factory

## JSON definition of the dataset
$sourceDataset = @"
{
    "name": "$sourceDatasetName",
    "properties": {
        "type": "AzureSqlTable",
        "typeProperties": {
            "tableName": "$sourceSqlTableName"
        },
        "linkedServiceName": {
            "referenceName": "$azureSqlDatabaseLinkedServiceName",
            "type": "LinkedServiceReference"
        }
    }
}
"@

## IMPORTANT: store the JSON definition in a file that will be used by the Set-AzDataFactoryV2Dataset command. 
$sourceDataset | Out-File ./$sourceDatasetName.json

## Create a dataset in the data factory
Set-AzDataFactoryV2Dataset -DataFactoryName $dataFactoryName -ResourceGroupName $resourceGroupName -Name "$sourceDatasetName" -File "./$sourceDatasetName.json"


# Create an Azure Blob dataset in the data factory

## JSON definition of the dataset
$sinkDataset = @"
{
    "name": "$sinkDatasetName",
    "properties": {
        "type": "AzureBlob",
        "typeProperties": {
            "folderPath": "$outputBlobFolderPath",
            "format": {
                "type": "TextFormat"
            }
        },
        "linkedServiceName": {
            "referenceName": "$azureStorageLinkedServiceName",
            "type": "LinkedServiceReference"
        }
    }
}
"@

## IMPORTANT: store the JSON definition in a file that will be used by the Set-AzDataFactoryV2Dataset command. 
$sinkDataset | Out-File ./$sinkDatasetName.json

## Create a dataset in the data factory
Set-AzDataFactoryV2Dataset -DataFactoryName $dataFactoryName -ResourceGroupName $resourceGroupName -Name "$sinkDatasetName" -File "./$sinkDatasetName.json"

## JSON definition of the dataset
$watermarkDataset = @"
{
    "name": "$watermarkDatasetName",
    "properties": {
        "type": "AzureSqlTable",
        "typeProperties": {
            "tableName": "watermarktable"
        },
        "linkedServiceName": {
            "referenceName": "$azureSqlDatabaseLinkedServiceName",
            "type": "LinkedServiceReference"
        }
    }
}
"@

## IMPORTANT: store the JSON definition in a file that will be used by the Set-AzDataFactoryV2Dataset command. 
$watermarkDataset | Out-File ./$watermarkDatasetName.json

## Create a dataset in the data factory
Set-AzDataFactoryV2Dataset -DataFactoryName $dataFactoryName -ResourceGroupName $resourceGroupName -Name "$watermarkDatasetName" -File "./$watermarkDatasetName.json"

# Create a pipeline in the data factory

## JSON definition of the pipeline
$pipelineDefinition = @"
{
    "name": "$pipelineName",
    "properties": {
        "activities": [
            {
                "name": "LookupWaterMarkActivity",
                "type": "Lookup",
                "typeProperties": {
                    "source": {
                    "type": "SqlSource",
                    "sqlReaderQuery": "select * from watermarktable"
                    },

                    "dataset": {
                    "referenceName": "$watermarkDatasetName",
                    "type": "DatasetReference"
                    }
                }
            },
            {
                "name": "LookupMaxValuefromSourceActivity",
                "type": "Lookup",
                "typeProperties": {
                    "source": {
                        "type": "SqlSource",
                        "sqlReaderQuery": "SELECT MAX(LastModifytime) as NewWatermarkvalue FROM dbo.datasource"
                    },

                    "dataset": {
                    "referenceName": "$sourceDatasetName",
                    "type": "DatasetReference"
                    }
                }
            },

            {
                "name": "IncrementalCopyActivity",
                "type": "Copy",
                "typeProperties": {
                    "source": {
                        "type": "SqlSource",
                        "sqlReaderQuery": "select * from dbo.datasource where LastModifytime > '@{activity('LookupWaterMarkActivity').output.WatermarkValue}' and LastModifytime <= '@{activity('LookupMaxValuefromSourceActivity').output.NewWatermarkvalue}'"
                    },
                    "sink": {
                        "type": "BlobSink"
                    }
                },
                "dependsOn": [
                    {
                        "activity": "LookupMaxValuefromSourceActivity",
                        "dependencyConditions": [
                            "Succeeded"
                        ]
                    },
                    {
                        "activity": "LookupWaterMarkActivity",
                        "dependencyConditions": [
                            "Succeeded"
                        ]
                    }
                ],

                "inputs": [
                    {
                        "referenceName": "$sourceDatasetName",
                        "type": "DatasetReference"
                    }
                ],
                "outputs": [
                    {
                        "referenceName": "$sinkDatasetName",
                        "type": "DatasetReference"
                    }
                ]
            },

            {
                "name": "StoredProceduretoWriteWatermarkActivity",
                "type": "SqlServerStoredProcedure",
                "typeProperties": {

                    "storedProcedureName": "sp_write_watermark",
                    "storedProcedureParameters": {
                        "LastModifiedtime": {"value": "@{activity('LookupMaxValuefromSourceActivity').output.NewWatermarkvalue}", "type": "datetime" },
                        "TableName":  { "value":"@{activity('LookupWaterMarkActivity').output.TableName}", "type":"String"}
                    }
                },

                "linkedServiceName": {
                    "referenceName": "$azureSqlDatabaseLinkedServiceName",
                    "type": "LinkedServiceReference"
                },

                "dependsOn": [
                    {
                        "activity": "IncrementalCopyActivity",
                        "dependencyConditions": [
                            "Succeeded"
                        ]
                    }
                ]
            }
        ],

    }
}
"@

## IMPORTANT: store the JSON definition in a file that will be used by the Set-AzDataFactoryV2Pipeline command. 
$pipelineDefinition | Out-File ./$pipelineName.json

## Create a pipeline in the data factory
Set-AzDataFactoryV2Pipeline -DataFactoryName $dataFactoryName -ResourceGroupName $resourceGroupName -Name "$pipelineName" -File "./$pipelineName.json"


$RunId = Invoke-AzDataFactoryV2Pipeline -PipelineName "$pipelineName" -ResourceGroup $resourceGroupName -dataFactoryName $dataFactoryName

# Check the pipeline run status until it finishes the copy operation
Start-Sleep -Seconds 30
while ($True) {
    $result = Get-AzDataFactoryV2ActivityRun -DataFactoryName $dataFactoryName -ResourceGroupName $resourceGroupName -PipelineRunId $runId -RunStartedAfter (Get-Date).AddMinutes(-30) -RunStartedBefore (Get-Date).AddMinutes(30)

    if (($result | Where-Object { $_.Status -eq "InProgress" } | Measure-Object).count -ne 0) {
        Write-Host "Pipeline run status: In Progress" -foregroundcolor "Yellow"
        Start-Sleep -Seconds 30
    }
    else {
        Write-Host "Pipeline '"$pipelineName"' run finished. Result:" -foregroundcolor "Yellow"
        $result
        break
    }
}


$result = Get-AzDataFactoryV2ActivityRun -DataFactoryName $dataFactoryName -ResourceGroupName $resourceGroupName `
    -PipelineRunId $runId `
    -RunStartedAfter (Get-Date).AddMinutes(-10) `
    -RunStartedBefore (Get-Date).AddMinutes(10) `
    -ErrorAction Stop

$result

if ($result.Status -eq "Succeeded") {`
    $result.Output -join "`r`n"`
}`
else {`
    $result.Error -join "`r`n"`
}

# INSERT INTO datasource
# VALUES (6, 'newdata','9/6/2017 2:23:00 AM')

# INSERT INTO datasource
# VALUES (7, 'newdata','9/7/2017 9:01:00 AM')

# Inovke the pipeline and see that only new records are copied to the destination. 


# To remove the data factory from the resource gorup
# Remove-AzDataFactoryV2 -Name $dataFactoryName -ResourceGroupName $resourceGroupName
# 
# To remove the whole resource group
# Remove-AzResourceGroup  -Name $resourceGroupName

清理部署

运行示例脚本后，可以使用以下命令删除资源组以及与其关联的所有资源：

Remove-AzResourceGroup -ResourceGroupName $resourceGroupName

若要从资源组中删除数据工厂，请运行以下命令：

Remove-AzDataFactoryV2 -Name $dataFactoryName -ResourceGroupName $resourceGroupName

脚本说明

此脚本使用以下命令：

命令	注释
New-AzResourceGroup	创建用于存储所有资源的资源组。
Set-AzDataFactoryV2	创建数据工厂。
Set-AzDataFactoryV2LinkedService	在数据工厂中创建链接服务。链接服务可将数据存储或计算链接到数据工厂。
Set-AzDataFactoryV2Dataset	在数据工厂中创建数据集。数据集表示管道中活动的输入/输出。
Set-AzDataFactoryV2Pipeline	在数据工厂中创建管道。一个管道包含一个或多个执行某项操作的活动。在此管道中，复制活动在 Azure Blob 存储中将数据从一个位置复制到另一个位置。
Invoke-AzDataFactoryV2Pipeline	为管道创建运行。换而言之，就是运行管道。
Get-AzDataFactoryV2ActivityRun	获取管道中活动的运行（活动运行）的相关详细信息。
Remove-AzResourceGroup	删除资源组，包括所有嵌套的资源。

有关 Azure PowerShell 的详细信息，请参阅 Azure PowerShell 文档。

可以在 Azure 数据工厂 PowerShell 脚本中找到其他 Azure 数据工厂 PowerShell 脚本示例。

PowerShell 脚本 - 使用 Azure 数据工厂以增量方式加载数据

示例脚本

清理部署

脚本说明

相关内容

其他资源