如何使用 System.Text.Json 忽略属性

项目
02/19/2024

将 C# 对象序列化为 JavaScript 对象表示法 (JSON) 时，默认情况下，所有公共属性都会序列化。如果不想让某些属性出现在生成的 JSON 中，则有几个选项可用。本文将介绍如何根据各种条件忽略属性：

单个属性
所有只读属性
所有 null 值属性
所有默认值属性

忽略单个属性

若要忽略单个属性，请使用 [JsonIgnore] 特性。

以下示例演示了要序列化的类型。它还显示 JSON 输出：

public class WeatherForecastWithIgnoreAttribute
{
    public DateTimeOffset Date { get; set; }
    public int TemperatureCelsius { get; set; }
    [JsonIgnore]
    public string? Summary { get; set; }
}

Public Class WeatherForecastWithIgnoreAttribute
    Public Property [Date] As DateTimeOffset
    Public Property TemperatureCelsius As Integer

    <JsonIgnore>
    Public Property Summary As String

End Class

{
  "Date": "2019-08-01T00:00:00-07:00",
  "TemperatureCelsius": 25,
}

可以通过设置 [JsonIgnore] 特性的 Condition 属性来指定条件排除。 JsonIgnoreCondition 枚举提供下列选项：

Always - 始终忽略属性。如果未指定 Condition，则假设此选项。
Never - 无论 DefaultIgnoreCondition、IgnoreReadOnlyProperties 和 IgnoreReadOnlyFields 全局设置如何，始终序列化和反序列化属性。
WhenWritingDefault - 如果属性是引用类型 null可为 null 的值类型 null 或值类型 default，则在序列化中忽略属性。
WhenWritingNull - 如果属性是引用类型 null 或可为 null 的值类型 null，则在序列化中忽略属性。

下面的示例说明 [JsonIgnore] 特性的 Condition 属性的用法：

using System.Text.Json;
using System.Text.Json.Serialization;

namespace JsonIgnoreAttributeExample
{
    public class Forecast
    {
        [JsonIgnore(Condition = JsonIgnoreCondition.WhenWritingDefault)]
        public DateTime Date { get; set; }

        [JsonIgnore(Condition = JsonIgnoreCondition.Never)]
        public int TemperatureC { get; set; }

        [JsonIgnore(Condition = JsonIgnoreCondition.WhenWritingNull)]
        public string? Summary { get; set; }
    };

    public class Program
    {
        public static void Main()
        {
            Forecast forecast = new()
            {
                Date = default,
                Summary = null,
                TemperatureC = default
            };

            JsonSerializerOptions options = new()
            {
                DefaultIgnoreCondition = JsonIgnoreCondition.WhenWritingDefault
            };

            string forecastJson =
                JsonSerializer.Serialize<Forecast>(forecast,options);

            Console.WriteLine(forecastJson);
        }
    }
}

// Produces output like the following example:
//
//{"TemperatureC":0}

Imports System.Text.Json
Imports System.Text.Json.Serialization

Namespace JsonIgnoreAttributeExample

    Public Class Forecast

        <JsonIgnore(Condition:=JsonIgnoreCondition.WhenWritingDefault)>
        Public Property [Date] As Date

        <JsonIgnore(Condition:=JsonIgnoreCondition.Never)>
        Public Property TemperatureC As Integer

        <JsonIgnore(Condition:=JsonIgnoreCondition.WhenWritingNull)>
        Public Property Summary As String

    End Class

    Public NotInheritable Class Program

        Public Shared Sub Main()
            Dim forecast1 As New Forecast() With {
                .[Date] = CType(Nothing, Date),
                .Summary = Nothing,
                .TemperatureC = CType(Nothing, Integer)
                }

            Dim options As New JsonSerializerOptions() With {
                .DefaultIgnoreCondition = JsonIgnoreCondition.WhenWritingDefault
                }

            Dim forecastJson As String = JsonSerializer.Serialize(forecast1, options)

            Console.WriteLine(forecastJson)
        End Sub

    End Class

End Namespace

' Produces output like the following example:
'
'{"TemperatureC":0}

忽略所有只读属性

如果属性包含公共 getter 而不是公共 setter，则属性为只读。若要在序列化时忽略所有只读属性，请将 JsonSerializerOptions.IgnoreReadOnlyProperties 设置为 true，如以下示例中所示：

var options = new JsonSerializerOptions
{
    IgnoreReadOnlyProperties = true,
    WriteIndented = true
};
jsonString = JsonSerializer.Serialize(weatherForecast, options);

Dim options As JsonSerializerOptions = New JsonSerializerOptions With {
    .IgnoreReadOnlyProperties = True,
    .WriteIndented = True
}
jsonString = JsonSerializer.Serialize(weatherForecast, options)

以下示例演示了要序列化的类型。它还显示 JSON 输出：

public class WeatherForecastWithROProperty
{
    public DateTimeOffset Date { get; set; }
    public int TemperatureCelsius { get; set; }
    public string? Summary { get; set; }
    public int WindSpeedReadOnly { get; private set; } = 35;
}

Public Class WeatherForecastWithROProperty
    Public Property [Date] As DateTimeOffset
    Public Property TemperatureCelsius As Integer
    Public Property Summary As String
    Private _windSpeedReadOnly As Integer

    Public Property WindSpeedReadOnly As Integer
        Get
            Return _windSpeedReadOnly
        End Get
        Private Set(Value As Integer)
            _windSpeedReadOnly = Value
        End Set
    End Property

End Class

{
  "Date": "2019-08-01T00:00:00-07:00",
  "TemperatureCelsius": 25,
  "Summary": "Hot",
}

此选项仅适用于属性。若要在序列化字段时忽略只读字段，请使用 JsonSerializerOptions.IgnoreReadOnlyFields 全局设置。

注意

即使 JsonSerializerOptions.IgnoreReadOnlyProperties 设置为 true，只读集合类型属性也仍被序列化。

忽略所有 null 值属性

若要忽略所有 null 值属性，请将 DefaultIgnoreCondition 属性设置为 WhenWritingNull，如以下示例中所示：

using System.Text.Json;
using System.Text.Json.Serialization;

namespace IgnoreNullOnSerialize
{
    public class Forecast
    {
        public DateTime Date { get; set; }
        public int TemperatureC { get; set; }
        public string? Summary { get; set; }
    };

    public class Program
    {
        public static void Main()
        {
            Forecast forecast = new()
            {
                Date = DateTime.Now,
                Summary = null,
                TemperatureC = default
            };

            JsonSerializerOptions options = new()
            {
                DefaultIgnoreCondition = JsonIgnoreCondition.WhenWritingNull
            };

            string forecastJson =
                JsonSerializer.Serialize<Forecast>(forecast, options);
            
            Console.WriteLine(forecastJson);
        }
    }
}

// Produces output like the following example:
//
//{"Date":"2020-10-30T10:11:40.2359135-07:00","TemperatureC":0}

Imports System.Text.Json

Namespace IgnoreNullOnSerialize

    Public Class Forecast
        Public Property [Date] As Date
        Public Property TemperatureC As Integer
        Public Property Summary As String
    End Class

    Public NotInheritable Class Program

        Public Shared Sub Main()
            Dim forecast1 As New Forecast() With
            {
            .[Date] = Date.Now,
            .Summary = Nothing,
            .TemperatureC = CType(Nothing, Integer)
            }

            Dim options As New JsonSerializerOptions

            Dim forecastJson As String = JsonSerializer.Serialize(forecast1, options)

            Console.WriteLine(forecastJson)
        End Sub

    End Class

End Namespace

' Produces output like the following example:
'
'{"Date":"2020-10-30T10:11:40.2359135-07:00","TemperatureC":0}

忽略所有默认值属性

若要防止对值类型属性中的默认值进行序列化，请将 DefaultIgnoreCondition 属性设置为 WhenWritingDefault，如以下示例中所示：

using System.Text.Json;
using System.Text.Json.Serialization;

namespace IgnoreValueDefaultOnSerialize
{
    public class Forecast
    {
        public DateTime Date { get; set; }
        public int TemperatureC { get; set; }
        public string? Summary { get; set; }
    };

    public class Program
    {
        public static void Main()
        {
            Forecast forecast = new()
            {
                Date = DateTime.Now,
                Summary = null,
                TemperatureC = default
            };

            JsonSerializerOptions options = new()
            {
                DefaultIgnoreCondition = JsonIgnoreCondition.WhenWritingDefault
            };

            string forecastJson =
                JsonSerializer.Serialize<Forecast>(forecast, options);

            Console.WriteLine(forecastJson);
        }
    }
}

// Produces output like the following example:
//
//{ "Date":"2020-10-21T15:40:06.8920138-07:00"}

Imports System.Text.Json
Imports System.Text.Json.Serialization

Namespace IgnoreValueDefaultOnSerialize

    Public Class Forecast
        Public Property [Date] As Date
        Public Property TemperatureC As Integer
        Public Property Summary As String
    End Class

    Public NotInheritable Class Program

        Public Shared Sub Main()
            Dim forecast1 As New Forecast() With
            {.[Date] = Date.Now,
              .Summary = Nothing,
              .TemperatureC = CType(Nothing, Integer)
            }

            Dim options As New JsonSerializerOptions() With {
                .DefaultIgnoreCondition = JsonIgnoreCondition.WhenWritingDefault
            }

            Dim forecastJson As String = JsonSerializer.Serialize(forecast1, options)

            Console.WriteLine(forecastJson)
        End Sub

    End Class

End Namespace

' Produces output like the following example:
'
'{ "Date":"2020-10-21T15:40:06.8920138-07:00"}

WhenWritingDefault 设置还会阻止对 null 值引用类型和可为 null 的值类型属性进行序列化。

如何使用 System.Text.Json 忽略属性

忽略单个属性

忽略所有只读属性

忽略所有 null 值属性

忽略所有默认值属性

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