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快速入門:使用 Terraform 設定 Azure Kubernetes Service (AKS) 叢集的保存庫備份

本快速入門說明如何使用 Terraform 設定 Azure Kubernetes Service (AKS) 叢集的保存庫備份。

適用於 AKS 的 Azure 備份是雲端原生、企業就緒、以應用程式為中心的備份服務,可讓您快速設定 AKS 叢集的備份。

注意

本文中所包含關於如何部署叢集及使用 AKS 備份來保護叢集的步驟僅供評估之用。

在部署生產就緒叢集及利用進階備份設定之前,建議您先熟悉我們的基準參考架構,考慮如何讓叢集符合您的業務需求。

必要條件

設定 AKS 備份之前,必須確定的事項:

  • 本快速入門假設您已有 Kubernetes 概念的基本知識。 如需詳細資訊,請參閱 [Azure Kubernetes Services (AKS) 的 Kubernetes 核心概念][kubernetes-concepts]。

  • 您需要具有有效訂用帳戶的 Azure 帳戶。 如果您沒有帳戶,可免費建立帳戶

  • 安裝及設定 Terraform。

注意

請確定所使用的 Terraform 版本為 3.99 或更新版本

登入 Azure 帳戶

登入您的 Azure 帳戶,並使用下列其中一種方法進行驗證:

Terraform 只能支援使用 Azure CLI 向 Azure 進行驗證。 不支援使用 Azure PowerShell 進行驗證。 因此,雖然您可以在執行 Terraform 工作時使用 Azure PowerShell 模組,但您必須先向 Azure 進行驗證

實作 Terraform 程式碼

若要實作 AKS 備份流程的 Terraform 程式碼,請執行下列指令碼:

  1. 建立可用來測試範例 Terraform 程式碼的目錄,並將其設為您目前的目錄。

  2. 建立名為 providers.tf 的檔案,並插入下列程式碼:

    terraform {
      required_providers {
        azurerm = {
          source = "hashicorp/azurerm"
          version = "3.99.0"
        }
      }
    }
    
    provider "azurerm" {
       features {}
       subscription_id   = "<azure_subscription_id>"
       tenant_id = "<azure_subscription_tenant_id>"
    }
    
  3. 建立名為 main.tf 的檔案,並插入下列程式碼:

     #Get Subscription and Tenant Id from Config
    
    data "azurerm_client_config" "current" {
    }
    
    #Create a Resource Group where Backup Vault and AKS Cluster will be created
    resource "azurerm_resource_group" "rg" {
      location = var.resource_group_location
      name     = var.resource_group_name
    }
    
    #Create a Resource Group where Storage Account and Snapshots related to backup will be created
    resource "azurerm_resource_group" "backuprg" {
      location = var.backup_resource_group_location
      name = var.backup_resource_group_name
    }
    
    #Create an AKS Cluster 
    resource "azurerm_kubernetes_cluster" "akscluster" {
      resource_group_name = azurerm_resource_group.rg.name
      name           = var.aks_cluster_name
      location       = azurerm_resource_group.rg.location
      dns_prefix     = var.dns_prefix
    
      identity {
        type = "SystemAssigned"
      }
    
      default_node_pool {
        name       = "agentpool"
        vm_size    = "Standard_D2_v2"
        node_count = var.node_count
      }
    
      network_profile {
        network_plugin    = "kubenet"
        load_balancer_sku = "standard"
      }
    
      depends_on = [azurerm_resource_group.rg,azurerm_resource_group.backuprg]
    }
    
    #Create a Backup Vault
    resource "azurerm_data_protection_backup_vault" "backupvault" {
      name                = var.backupvault_name
      resource_group_name = resource.azurerm_resource_group.rg.name
      location            = resource.azurerm_resource_group.rg.location
      datastore_type      = var.datastore_type
      redundancy          = var.redundancy
    
      identity {
        type = "SystemAssigned"
      }
      depends_on = [azurerm_kubernetes_cluster.akscluster]
    }
    
    #Create a Backup Policy with 4 hourly backups and 7 day retention duration
    resource "azurerm_data_protection_backup_policy_kubernetes_cluster" "policy" {
      name                = var.backuppolicy_name
      resource_group_name = var.resource_group_name
      vault_name          = var.backupvault_name
    
      backup_repeating_time_intervals = ["R/2024-04-14T06:33:16+00:00/PT4H"]
      default_retention_rule {
        life_cycle {
          duration        = "P7D"
          data_store_type = "OperationalStore"
        }
      }
    depends_on = [resource.azurerm_data_protection_backup_vault.backupvault]
    }
    
    #Create a Trusted Access Role Binding between AKS Cluster and Backup Vault
    resource "azurerm_kubernetes_cluster_trusted_access_role_binding" "trustedaccess" {
      kubernetes_cluster_id = azurerm_kubernetes_cluster.akscluster.id
      name                  = "backuptrustedaccess"
      roles                 = ["Microsoft.DataProtection/backupVaults/backup-operator"]
      source_resource_id    = azurerm_data_protection_backup_vault.backupvault.id
      depends_on = [resource.azurerm_data_protection_backup_vault.backupvault, azurerm_kubernetes_cluster.akscluster]
    }
    
    #Create a Backup Storage Account provided in input for Backup Extension Installation
    resource "azurerm_storage_account" "backupsa" {
      name                     = "tfaksbackup1604"
      resource_group_name      = azurerm_resource_group.backuprg.name
      location                 = azurerm_resource_group.backuprg.location
      account_tier             = "Standard"
      account_replication_type = "LRS"
      depends_on = [azurerm_kubernetes_cluster_trusted_access_role_binding.trustedaccess]
    }
    
    #Create a Blob Container where backup items will stored
    resource "azurerm_storage_container" "backupcontainer" {
      name                  = "tfbackup"
      storage_account_name  = azurerm_storage_account.backupsa.name
      container_access_type = "private"
      depends_on = [azurerm_storage_account.backupsa]
    }
    
    #Create Backup Extension in AKS Cluster
    resource "azurerm_kubernetes_cluster_extension" "dataprotection" {
      name = var.backup_extension_name
      cluster_id = azurerm_kubernetes_cluster.akscluster.id
      extension_type = var.backup_extension_type
      configuration_settings = {
        "configuration.backupStorageLocation.bucket" = azurerm_storage_container.backupcontainer.name
         "configuration.backupStorageLocation.config.storageAccount" = azurerm_storage_account.backupsa.name
         "configuration.backupStorageLocation.config.resourceGroup" = azurerm_storage_account.backupsa.resource_group_name
         "configuration.backupStorageLocation.config.subscriptionId" =  data.azurerm_client_config.current.subscription_id
         "credentials.tenantId" = data.azurerm_client_config.current.tenant_id
         "configuration.backupStorageLocation.config.useAAD" = true
         "configuration.backupStorageLocation.config.storageAccountURI" = azurerm_storage_account.backupsa.primary_blob_endpoint
        }
      depends_on = [azurerm_storage_container.backupcontainer]
    }
    
    #Assign Role to Extension Identity over Storage Account
    resource "azurerm_role_assignment" "extensionrole" {
      scope                = azurerm_storage_account.backupsa.id
      role_definition_name = "Storage Blob Data Contributor"
      principal_id         = azurerm_kubernetes_cluster_extension.dataprotection.aks_assigned_identity[0].principal_id
      depends_on = [azurerm_kubernetes_cluster_extension.dataprotection]
    }
    
    #Assign Role to Backup Vault over AKS Cluster
    resource "azurerm_role_assignment" "vault_msi_read_on_cluster" {
      scope                = azurerm_kubernetes_cluster.akscluster.id
      role_definition_name = "Reader"
      principal_id         = azurerm_data_protection_backup_vault.backupvault.identity[0].principal_id
      depends_on = [azurerm_kubernetes_cluster.akscluster,resource.azurerm_data_protection_backup_vault.backupvault]
    }
    
    #Assign Role to Backup Vault over Snapshot Resource Group
    resource "azurerm_role_assignment" "vault_msi_read_on_snap_rg" {
      scope                = azurerm_resource_group.backuprg.id
      role_definition_name = "Reader"
      principal_id         = azurerm_data_protection_backup_vault.backupvault.identity[0].principal_id
      depends_on = [azurerm_kubernetes_cluster.akscluster,resource.azurerm_data_protection_backup_vault.backupvault]
    }
    
    #Assign Role to AKS Cluster over Snapshot Resource Group
    resource "azurerm_role_assignment" "cluster_msi_contributor_on_snap_rg" {
      scope                = azurerm_resource_group.backuprg.id
      role_definition_name = "Contributor"
      principal_id         = try(azurerm_kubernetes_cluster.akscluster.identity[0].principal_id,null)
      depends_on = [azurerm_kubernetes_cluster.akscluster,resource.azurerm_kubernetes_cluster.akscluster,resource.azurerm_resource_group.backuprg]
    }
    
    #Create Backup Instance for AKS Cluster
    resource "azurerm_data_protection_backup_instance_kubernetes_cluster" "akstfbi" {
      name                         = "example"
      location                     = azurerm_resource_group.backuprg.location
      vault_id                     = azurerm_data_protection_backup_vault.backupvault.id
      kubernetes_cluster_id        = azurerm_kubernetes_cluster.akscluster.id
      snapshot_resource_group_name = azurerm_resource_group.backuprg.name
      backup_policy_id             = azurerm_data_protection_backup_policy_kubernetes_cluster.policy.id
    
      backup_datasource_parameters {
        excluded_namespaces              = []
        excluded_resource_types          = []
        cluster_scoped_resources_enabled = true
        included_namespaces              = []
        included_resource_types          = []
        label_selectors                  = []
        volume_snapshot_enabled          = true
      }
    
      depends_on = [
        resource.azurerm_data_protection_backup_vault.backupvault,
        azurerm_data_protection_backup_policy_kubernetes_cluster.policy,
        azurerm_role_assignment.extensionrole,
        azurerm_role_assignment.vault_msi_read_on_cluster,
        azurerm_role_assignment.vault_msi_read_on_snap_rg,
        azurerm_role_assignment.cluster_msi_contributor_on_snap_rg
      ]
    }
    
  4. 建立名為 variables.tf 的檔案,並插入下列程式碼:

    variable "aks_cluster_name" {
      type        = string
      default     = "Contoso_AKS_TF"
      description = "Name of the AKS Cluster."
    }
    
    variable "backup_extension_name" {
      type        = string
      default     = "azure-aks-backup"
      description = "Name of the AKS Cluster Extension."
    }
    
    variable "backup_extension_type" {
      type        = string
      default     = "microsoft.dataprotection.kubernetes"
      description = "Type of the AKS Cluster Extension."
    }
    
    variable "dns_prefix" {
      type        = string
      default     = "contoso-aks-dns-tf"
      description = "DNS Name of AKS Cluster made with Terraform"
    }
    
    variable "node_count" {
      type        = number
      description = "The initial quantity of nodes for the node pool."
      default     = 3
    }
    
    variable "resource_group_location" {
      type        = string
      default     = "eastus"
      description = "Location of the resource group."
    }
    
    variable "backup_resource_group_name" {
      type        = string
      default     = "Contoso_TF_Backup_RG"
      description = "Location of the resource group."
    }
    
    variable "backup_resource_group_location" {
      type        = string
      default     = "eastus"
      description = "Location of the resource group."
    }
    
    variable "resource_group_name" {
      type        = string
      default     = "Contoso_TF_RG"
      description = "Location of the resource group."
    }
    
    variable "cluster_id" {
      type        = string
      default     = "/subscriptions/c3d3eb0c-9ba7-4d4c-828e-cb6874714034/resourceGroups/Contoso_TF_RG/providers/Microsoft.ContainerService/managedClusters/Contoso_AKS_TF"
      description = "Location of the resource group."
    }
    
    variable "backupvault_name" {
      type        = string
      default     = "BackupVaultTF"
      description = "Name of the Backup Vault"
    }
    
    variable "datastore_type" {
      type        = string
      default     = "OperationalStore"
    }
    
    variable "redundancy" {
      type        = string
      default     = "LocallyRedundant"
    }
    
    variable "backuppolicy_name" {
      type        = string
      default     = "aksbackuppolicytfv1"
    }
    
  5. 建立名為 outputs.tf 的檔案,並插入下列程式碼:

     output "aks_resource_group" {
       value = azurerm_resource_group.rg.name
     }
    
     output "snapshot_resource_group" {
       value = azurerm_resource_group.backuprg.name
     }
    
     output "kubernetes_cluster_name" {
       value = azurerm_kubernetes_cluster.akscluster.name
     }
    
     output "backup_vault_name" {
       value = azurerm_data_protection_backup_vault.backupvault.name
     }
    
     output "backup_instance_id" {
       value = azurerm_data_protection_backup_instance_kubernetes_cluster.akstfbi.id
     }
    

初始化 Terraform

執行 terraform init 來初始化 Terraform 部署。 此命令會下載管理 Azure 資源所需的 Azure 提供者。

terraform init -upgrade

重點︰

  • -upgrade 參數會將必要的提供者外掛程式升級至符合設定版本條件約束的最新版本。

建立 Terraform 執行計畫

執行 terraform plan 以建立執行計畫。

terraform plan -out main.tfplan

重點︰

  • terraform plan 命令會建立執行計畫,但不會執行。 相反地,其會決定要在您指定的設定檔中建立設定所需的動作。 此模式可讓您在對實際資源進行任何變更之前,先確認執行方案是否符合您的預期。
  • 選用的 -out 參數可讓您指定計畫的輸出檔。 使用 -out 參數可確保您所檢閱的方案就是所套用的方案。

套用 Terraform 執行計畫

執行 terraform apply 將執行計畫套用至您的雲端基礎結構。

terraform apply main.tfplan

重點︰

  • 範例 terraform apply 命令假設您之前已執行過 terraform plan -out main.tfplan
  • 如果您為 -out 參數指定了不同的檔案名稱,請在呼叫 terraform apply 時使用該檔案名稱。
  • 若您未使用 -out 參數,請呼叫 terraform apply,不需要使用參數。

對 Azure 上的 Terraform 進行疑難排解

當您在 Azure 上使用 Terraform 時,可能會遇到常見問題。 了解如何進行疑難排解

後續步驟

在本快速入門中,您已了解如何部署 Kubernetes 叢集、建立備份保存庫,以及設定 Kubernetes 叢集的備份。

深入了解: